Top-down modulation of visual processing: mechanisms and functions

视觉处理的自上而下调制：机制和功能

• 批准号: 10331736
• 负责人: Pierre- Olivier Polack
• 金额: $ 39.97万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10331736
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animals; Attention; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Calcium; Chemosensitization; Code; Complex; Comprehension; Cues; Data; Degenerative Disorder; Discrimination; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Exposure to; Functional Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Image; Impairment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lateral Geniculate Body; Locomotion; Mental disorders; Mission; Modeling; Mus; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurons; Outcome; Perception; Physiological; Population; Primates; Property; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Support; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Training; V1 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; Weight; Whole-Cell Recordings; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; awake; base; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; imaging genetics; improved; innovation; multisensory; nervous system disorder; novel; prodromal Alzheimer' s disease; receptive field; response; skills; sound; tool; two-photon; visual control; visual processing; visual stimulus

PROJECT SUMMARY Even at the earliest cortical stages, visual processing is influenced by internally generated information. Top- down influence on visual processing is found in very different behavioral contexts. As a result, early visual areas are increasingly considered as “interfaces” or “blackboards” where bottom-up information is confronted to top- down representations. Yet, our knowledge on the cellular and network mechanisms by which top-down signals modulate the integrative properties of visual cortical neurons is still fragmentary. Moreover, the impact on visual processing and visual perception of the relatively small top-down modulations that were described in early visual cortices is debated. Finally, we ignore to what extent top-down modulation is flexible and can be adapted to a novel behavioral goal. Our long-term goal is to better understand the functions and mechanisms of top-down influences on early visual processing using a recent and tractable model: the modulation by sound of visual processing in V1. We have recently shown that the representation of the orientation and direction of the visual stimulus in V1 is improved in the audiovisual context, through a potentiation of the response of neurons with preferred orientations matching the orientation of the visual cue, and a suppression of the activity of neurons coding for orthogonal orientations and opposite directions. The overall objective of this application is to establish the cellular and network mechanisms, functional impact and flexibility of sound modulation on early visual pro- cessing. Our central hypotheses, based on our preliminary data, is that sound modulation in V1 results from the activation of local mechanisms controlling the orientation and direction tuning of V1 neurons, that modest im- provements of the representation of visual stimuli can improve visual perception, and that sound modulation in V1 is flexible and can be adapted to novel behavioral goals by training. The rationale for the proposed research is to better understand why, when and how internal representations bias sensory perception. To test our central hypotheses, we propose the following specific aims: 1) Determine the cellular mechanisms underpinning the orientation and direction-dependent sound modulation of V1 neurons by performing whole-cell recordings in awake mice, a technique for which our laboratory has a unique expertise; Using two-photon calcium imaging in mice performing Go/NoGo behavioral tasks, we will also 2) Determine the impact of sound modulation on the representation of the visual stimulus in V1 and on visual perception; 3) Demonstrate that sound modulation is flexible and can be adapted to a novel behavioral task though training. Our approach is innovative because we will bring to the mouse a topic so far mostly addressed in primates to benefit from functional imaging, genetic tools and our unique skill at performing whole-cell recordings in awake behaving mice. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to vertically advance our understanding on how top-down inputs adapt visual processing to the behavioral goal. Ultimately, such a knowledge will inform the pathophysiology of several de- velopmental, and degenerative disorders in which top-down control of sensory processing is impaired.

项目概要 即使在最早的皮质阶段，视觉处理也会受到内部生成的信息的影响。顶部- 在非常不同的行为环境中发现对视觉处理的负面影响。结果，早期视觉区域 越来越多地被视为“界面”或“黑板”，其中自下而上的信息面对自上而下的信息 下交涉。然而，我们对自上而下信号传递的蜂窝和网络机制的了解 调节视觉皮层神经元的整合特性仍然是零碎的。另外，对视觉的影响 早期视觉中描述的相对较小的自上而下调制的处理和视觉感知 皮质是有争议的。最后，我们忽略了自上而下的调制在多大程度上是灵活的并且可以适应 新颖的行为目标。我们的长期目标是更好地理解自上而下的功能和机制 使用最新且易于处理的模型对早期视觉处理的影响：视觉声音的调制 在V1中处理。我们最近表明，视觉的方位和方向的表示 通过增强神经元的反应，V1 中的刺激在视听环境中得到改善 与视觉提示方向相匹配的首选方向，以及对神经元活动的抑制 正交方向和相反方向的编码。该应用程序的总体目标是建立 声音调制对早期视觉亲和力的细胞和网络机制、功能影响和灵活性 停止。根据我们的初步数据，我们的中心假设是 V1 中的声音调制是由 激活控制 V1 神经元的方向和方向调整的局部机制，这适度的影响 视觉刺激表征的证明可以改善视觉感知，并且声音调制 V1 很灵活，可以通过训练适应新的行为目标。拟议研究的理由 是为了更好地理解内部表征为何、何时以及如何偏置感官知觉。来测试我们的中央 假设，我们提出以下具体目标：1）确定支撑细胞机制 通过在 清醒小鼠，我们实验室在这项技术方面拥有独特的专业知识；使用双光子钙成像 小鼠执行 Go/NoGo 行为任务时，我们还将 2) 确定声音调制对 V1 中视觉刺激的表示和视觉感知； 3）证明声音调制是 灵活，可以通过培训适应新的行为任务。我们的方法是创新的，因为我们 将为小鼠带来一个迄今为止主要在灵长类动物中解决的主题，以受益于功能成像、遗传 工具和我们在清醒行为小鼠中进行全细胞记录的独特技能。拟议的研究 意义重大，因为它有望垂直推进我们对自上而下的输入如何适应视觉的理解 处理行为目标。最终，这样的知识将为多种疾病的病理生理学提供信息。 发育障碍和退行性疾病，其中自上而下的感觉处理控制受到损害。