Increasing compliance with physical education laws to reduce health inequities

加强对体育法的遵守，以减少健康不平等

• 批准号: 10347189
• 负责人: Hannah R Thompson
• 金额: $ 17.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-02-08 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10347189
• 关键词: Accountability; Address; Adopted; Adoption; Award; California; Cardiovascular system; Chronic Disease; Complex; Coronary heart disease; Cost Effectiveness Analysis; Country; Data; Development; Diffusion of Innovation; Education; Educational Intervention; Environment; Epidemiologic Methods; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation; Family; Feedback; Funding; Future; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; Goals; Health; Income; Institutes; Intervention; K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Maintenance; Measures; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methods; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; New York; New York City; Nutrition Policy; Outcome; Physical Education; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Policies; Population; Productivity; Public Health Schools; Race; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance; Reading; Reduce health disparities; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Schools; Solid; Students; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Youth; base; cardiorespiratory fitness; cardiovascular disorder risk; career; collaborative environment; community based participatory research; cost; cost effective; cost effectiveness; design; education research; effectiveness evaluation; elementary school; experience; fifth grade; fitness; health disparity; health inequalities; implementation science; improved; meetings; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; novel; novel strategies; physical inactivity; physical state; pilot test; population health; racial and ethnic; school district; skills; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Today’s youth suffer from unprecedented levels of physical inactivity and poor physical fitness, which contribute to myriad health complications, including increased risk for cardiovascular disease. School physical education (PE) is one of the most valuable tools for increasing physical activity and improving youth fitness and shows potential for reducing related health disparities. However, despite laws in 43 states mandating that schools offer PE, compliance is extremely low in elementary schools, and disparities based on school-level student race/ethnicity and income exist. Evidence points to a lack of accountability as a major factor in low PE law compliance, but measures of accountability are inconsistent (or non-existent) across states, and best practices for increasing compliance with PE mandates remain unknown. This study proposes to examine two novel approaches for increasing PE law compliance by first, determining the impact of the New York City Department of Education’s multi-level school physical education (PE) intervention on PE law compliance and student cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as its cost-effectiveness for increasing student physical activity in order to inform replicability in other school districts. Secondly, one component of New York’s intervention – a PE audit and feedback tool – will be piloted in Oakland, CA schools to determine the effectiveness, adaptability, and scalability of this potential cost-effective approach for increasing PE law compliance and student physical activity. I am pursuing the NHLBI K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award to fill critical training gaps in (1) causal inference from observational data; (2) cost-effectiveness analysis; and (3) implementation science. This award will build upon my significant experience in school-based physical activity research, epidemiologic methods, and participatory action research. My long-term career goal is to develop and rigorously evaluate policy and programmatic approaches to improve youth health through physical activity. The skills I seek to obtain will be critical in achieving this goal. My detailed training plan includes formal coursework at UC Berkeley and UCSF, NIH courses, mentored experience, meetings, seminars, and directed readings. The research component of this project will provide opportunities to integrate new knowledge into practical research experience. Together, the training and protected time provided by the K01 award, combined with the rich collaborative environment and strong institutional support at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health and the Nutrition Policy Institute, will facilitate my transition into an independent investigator who can successfully compete for R01 funding. It will also provide the means to help me become a leader in the development and testing of scalable school physical activity environment and policy interventions that will reduce population risk of inactivity-related chronic diseases.

项目摘要/摘要 今天的年轻人遭受着前所未有的缺乏体育活动和糟糕的身体素质的痛苦，这 导致无数的健康并发症，包括增加心血管疾病的风险。学校体育 教育(体育)是增加体育活动和提高青年体质的最有价值的工具之一 显示出缩小相关健康差距的潜力。然而，尽管43个州的法律要求 学校开设体育课程，小学的合规性极低，基于学校水平的差异 学生种族/民族和收入存在。有证据表明，缺乏责任感是造成私营率低的一个主要因素 法律遵从性，但问责措施在各州之间不一致(或根本不存在)，最好是 增加遵守私募股权投资任务的做法仍不得而知。这项研究建议检查两个 通过首先确定纽约市的影响来提高私募股权投资法律合规性的新方法 教育部多层次学校体育干预对体育法规遵从性的影响 年学生心肺适能及其增加学生体力活动的成本效益 以告知其他学区的可复制性。其次，纽约干预的一个组成部分-- 体育审计和反馈工具-将在加利福尼亚州奥克兰的学校进行试点，以确定有效性， 这种潜在的具有成本效益的方法的适应性和可扩展性，以提高PE法律的合规性和 学生的体育活动。我正在追求NHLBI K01导师研究科学家发展奖来填补 在(1)从观测数据进行因果推断；(2)成本效益分析；和(3) 实施科学。这个奖项将建立在我在学校体育活动方面的重要经验之上。 研究、流行病学方法和参与性行动研究。我的长期职业目标是发展 并严格评估通过体育活动改善青年健康的政策和方案方法。 我寻求获得的技能将是实现这一目标的关键。我的详细培训计划包括正式的 加州大学伯克利分校和加州大学旧金山分校的课程工作、NIH课程、指导经验、会议、研讨会和指导 读数。该项目的研究部分将提供将新知识融入 实践研究经验。K01奖项提供的培训和保护时间加在一起， 凭借加州大学伯克利分校公共学院丰富的合作环境和强有力的机构支持 健康和营养政策研究所，将促进我转变为一名独立调查员，他可以 成功争取R01资金。它还将提供手段，帮助我成为一名 开发和测试可扩展的学校体育活动环境和政策干预措施，以 降低与不运动相关的慢性病的人口风险。