The neural foundations of regulation in infancy and the role of individual and environmental factors over time

项目总结/摘要 调节的神经机制支持社会情绪能力63，74，并可能作为弹性运作 面对精神病理学发展风险的因素13，17.研究这些神经机制 婴儿期的出现和变化可以确定干预的关键时期， 影响神经发育轨迹的因素该文献中存在三个主要空白：1）神经 调节的相关性在成人文献中已得到很好的确立，但尚未进行纵向研究 在婴儿时期。2)气质风险、父母精神病理学和亲子交易的影响 只与神经活动的横断面研究有关，而不是与神经发育轨迹有关。第三章 亲子关系中调节社会化和精神病理学的神经认知机制 对交易的了解很少。在这个建议中，前两个差距将由论文解决 项目，并提出了一个计划，以解决与博士后研究的第三个差距。 在F99期，对8 ~ 24个月的婴儿进行4次重复脑电图（EEG 产后将用于绘制婴儿在童年时期参与调节的神经标记物的轨迹 和成年。EEG数据将提供两种神经相关性：δ-β同步和网络连接。 在每次实验室访问，婴儿休息状态脑电图收集，和母亲与孩子的互动录像期间， 5分钟的自由游戏任务此外，主要照顾者报告他们的孩子的气质和他们自己的 每一波的焦虑这些重复的措施设计将使申请人能够解决三个主要问题 问题：1）在婴儿期，作为调节基础的局部和全局神经机制是如何出现和变化的。 2)这些神经轨迹如何受到婴儿负面情绪和母亲焦虑的影响。3)多二元啊 母婴关系中的积极情感和反应模式影响这些神经轨迹。在 在K 00阶段，申请人将使用新技术评估母亲的二元神经和认知活动， 儿童互动，以映射特定的调节社会化策略，神经同步，联合注意， 和焦虑的风险。 目前的建议需要一个综合的博士前和博士后培训计划，以准备申请人作为一个 发展神经科学的独立研究员有四个总体培训目标：1）增益 研究婴儿大脑发育的专业知识。2)学习和应用先进的定量方法和二元 大脑发育的研究。3)将母子互动的二元分析扩展到神经元 和认知系统。4)培养较强的科学写作和教学技能。这些培训目标将 有效地准备申请人从博士前过渡到博士后培训和建立职业生涯 该计划可以作为发展神经科学家进入独立的终身职位。

Project Summary/Abstract The neural mechanisms of regulation support socioemotional competence 63,74 and may operate as resilience factors in the face of developmental risk for psychopathology 13,17. Investigating how these neural mechanisms emerge and change during infancy may identify critical periods of intervention and individual and contextual factors that condition neurodevelopmental trajectories. Three major gaps exist in this literature: 1) Neural correlates of regulation are well established in the adult literature but have not been examined longitudinally during infancy. 2) The effects of temperament risk, parental psychopathology, and parent-child transactions have only been linked to cross-sectional studies of neural activity, rather than to neurodevelopmental trajectories. 3) The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the socialization of regulation and psychopathology in parent-child transactions are poorly understood. In this proposal, the first two gaps will be addressed by the dissertation project, and a plan is presented to address the third gap with the postdoctoral research. In the F99 phase, four repeated measures of infant electroencephalogram (EEG) from 8 to 24 months postpartum will be used to map infant trajectories of neural markers implicated in regulation during childhood and adulthood. The EEG data will provide two neural correlates: delta-beta synchrony and network connectivity. At each laboratory visit, infant resting-state EEG is collected, and mother-child interactions are videotaped during a 5-minute free-play task. Additionally, primary caregivers report on their child’s temperament and their own anxiety at each wave. These repeated measures design will enable the applicant to address three main questions: 1) How local and global neural mechanisms underlying regulation emerge and change during infancy. 2) How these neural trajectories are influenced by infant negative affect and maternal anxiety. 3) How dyadic patterns of positive affect and responsivity in the mother-infant relationship impact these neural trajectories. In the K00 phase, the applicant will use novel techniques to assess dyadic neural and cognitive activity in mother- child interactions in order to map specific regulation socialization strategies to neural synchrony, joint attention, and risk for anxiety. The current proposal entails an integrated pre- and postdoctoral training plan to prepare the applicant as an independent researcher in developmental neuroscience. There are four overarching training goals: 1) Gain expertise in the study of infant brain development. 2) Learn and apply advanced quantitative methods and dyadic analysis to the study of brain development. 3) Expand dyadic analysis of mother-child interactions to the neural and cognitive systems and. 4) Develop strong scientific writing and teaching skills. These training goals will effectively prepare the applicant to transition from the predoctoral to the postdoctoral training and build a career program that can be taken into an independent, tenure-track position as a developmental neuroscientist.