ACL-LIFE Life History Interview and Validation

为了了解健康的社会决定因素并解决健康老龄化中持续存在的差距， 研究人员和决策者越来越多地从生命历程的角度看待社会风险。条件 早期和中期生活涉及到晚年健康和健康差异的实证研究， 种族和社会经济地位。更好地理解复杂和复杂的环境的长期影响， 时变的健康、社会经济、心理社会和环境暴露对于评估 生命历程、累积优势和健康差异的理论，以及设计干预措施， 为所有人促进健康老龄化。回顾性生活史（RLH）收集的关键方法学进展 这些数据使得正在进行的老龄化纵向研究成为可能，包括英国老龄化纵向研究。 老龄化（艾尔莎），欧洲健康和老龄化调查（共享），健康和退休研究 (HRS)，通过使用事件历史收集信息， 日历方法。来自RLH访谈的数据可用于生成学校教育的衡量标准， 关系，养育，就业，财务和居住历史;生活事件，如健康冲击;存在 和社会网络关系的质量;以及烟草使用或医疗保健利用等行为。然而，在这方面， RLH访谈数据的可靠性尚未根据调查“黄金”进行全面评估 标准”的前瞻性收集的信息。对RLH数据质量的少数评估集中在 不同领域的生活过程，但每个都揭示了证据的回忆错误（特别是持续时间，因为 事件和报告任务的复杂性）和回忆偏差（特别是年龄，性别，有时种族和 教育），但调查结果仍然好坏参半，不完整。我们建议在现有的前景基础上， 美国人改变生活（ACL）研究，一项多种族，具有全国代表性的队列研究， 收集了来自主要生活领域的测量数据以及成年人寿命期间与衰老相关的发病率。 ACL-6波目前已投入使用，将提供33年的暴露测量。我们将派出一个RLH 与SHARE（ACL-LIFE）使用的访谈类似，并进行一系列创新的综合分析 为了更全面地研究的患病率，尺寸，和社会人口的决定因素， 回顾性和前瞻性收集的生活史信息之间的不匹配 迄今我们还将探讨依赖RLH数据是否以及如何影响关于健康的结论。 从使用生命过程暴露作为预测因素的分析中得出的老化或健康差异。这些新颖 评估将为调查方法的研究提供信息，并提高正在进行的主要纵向调查的价值。 老化的研究。它们还将为依赖成本的研究人员和政策制定者提供重要的发现， 有效和及时地提供关于生命过程暴露的信息，可用于改善所有成年人的生活， 并消除健康老龄化的差距。

To understand the social determinants of health and address persistent disparities in healthy aging, researchers and policymakers have increasingly taken a life course view of social exposures. Conditions of early and midlife are implicated in empirical studies of later life health and health disparities by gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. A better understanding of the long-term influences of complex and time-varying health, socioeconomic, psychosocial and environmental exposures is essential for evaluating theories of the life course, cumulative advantage and health disparities, and for designing interventions to foster healthy aging for all. Key methodological advances in the collection of retrospective life history (RLH) data have enabled major ongoing longitudinal studies of aging, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the Survey of Health and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), to fill in life course gaps quickly and cost-effectively by collecting information using the event history calendar approach. The data from RLH interviews can be used to generate measures of schooling, relationship, parenting, employment, financial and residential histories; life events like health shocks; presence and quality of social network relationships; and behaviors like tobacco use or health care utilization. However, the reliability of RLH interview data has not been comprehensively evaluated against the survey “gold standard” of prospectively-collected information. The few assessments of RLH data quality have focused on different domains of the life course, but each has revealed evidence of recall error (especially by duration since event and complexity of reporting task) and recall bias (especially by age, gender and sometimes race and education), though findings remain mixed and incomplete. We propose to build on the existing prospective Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study, a multi-racial, nationally-representative cohort study that has collected measures from across major life domains and of aging-related morbidities over the adult lifespan. The ACL-6 wave is currently in the field, and will provide 33 years of exposure measures. We will field a RLH interview similar to the one used by SHARE (ACL-LIFE) and conduct an innovative, integrated set of analyses to more comprehensively examine the prevalence, dimensions, and sociodemographic determinants of mismatch between retrospectively- and prospectively-collected life history information than has been possible to date. We will also explore whether and how reliance on RLH data could influence conclusions about healthy aging or health disparities drawn from analyses using life course exposures as predictors. These novel assessments will inform research on survey methodology and enhance the value of major ongoing longitudinal studies of aging. They will also provide critical findings for researchers and policy makers reliant on cost- effective and timely information about life course exposures that can be used to improve the lives of all adults, and to eliminate disparities in healthy aging.