Negative Working Conditions and Health Across the Career

整个职业生涯中的负面工作条件和健康

• 批准号: 7920829
• 负责人: Sarah A. Burgard
• 金额: $ 7.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7920829
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; American; Area; Behavioral Sciences; Characteristics; Climacteric; Data; Data Collection; Disadvantaged; Economics; Employment; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Future; Goals; Growth; Health; Individual; Intervention; Job Satisfaction; Joints; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nature; Occupations; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Process; Public Health; Race; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Sampling; Social status; Source; Surveys; Time; Unemployment; United States; Work; Workplace; career; depressive symptoms; design; emerging adult; experience; hazard; health disparity; interest; labor force participation; middle age; population health; psychosocial; public health relevance; response; sex; social; social disparities; stressor; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to examine how workers in the United States encounter multiple negative experiences at work, and how the accumulation of these experiences over the career is associated with their health trajectories. Paid employment is a central feature of most adults' lives, providing economic sustenance as well as a source of esteem and identity, but negative working conditions including job strain (high demands combined with low control), job insecurity and unemployment, and low job satisfaction have been linked to poor health. However, the clustering of these multiple exposures at a given point in the career has not been extensively explored, though every employment situation potentially exposes a worker to a range of such psychosocial stressors. Moreover, despite growing scientific interest in cumulative disadvantage across the life course, the extent and nature of exposure to an array of negative working conditions over the career is even less well understood than the extent to which they cluster at any given time point. A better understanding of negative exposures at work is relevant to population health because it may help to explain why the health trajectories of initially socially-disadvantaged workers continue to diverge from those of their more-advantaged counterparts. Using nationally-representative samples of U.S. workers from the longitudinal Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) studies, we will explore the following specific aims: (1) explore the extent to which individuals experience the clustering of multiple negative working conditions in their jobs, and identify characteristics that put individuals at greatest risk, (2) examine how workers move through careers, accumulating exposure to negative working conditions, and (3) assess whether and how life course exposure to negative working conditions is related to trajectories of self-rated health and depressive symptoms. Item Response Theory (IRT) models will be used to generate continuous measures capturing joint exposure to job strain, job insecurity, and low job satisfaction at a given survey wave, and linear individual growth models of these exposure measures will be estimated and linked to linear individual growth models of health. Workplace policy or interventions potentially could be more successful if they recognized the total psychosocial burdens workers face, and the groups of workers who are most vulnerable. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project is consistent with the continuing mission of the Demographic and Behavioral Science Branch (DBSB) of NICHD with respect to research on the intersection of health and demographic processes, specifically labor force participation. This project has important implications for public health. It will provide new information about the clustering of psychosocial workplace hazards at one point in time and over the career, and about their association with trajectories of self-rated health and depressive symptoms. The proposed research will also examine the importance of these negative working conditions for explaining or increasing health disparities over the life course in the United States.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目标是研究美国工人如何在工作中遇到多种负面经历，以及这些经历在职业生涯中的积累如何与他们的健康轨迹相关。有偿就业是大多数成年人生活的核心特征，提供经济生计以及尊重和认同的来源，但消极的工作条件，包括工作压力（高要求与低控制力）、工作不安全感和失业以及低工作满意度与健康状况不佳有关。然而，尽管每种就业情况都可能使工人面临一系列此类心理社会压力，但尚未广泛探讨职业生涯中特定时刻的这些多重暴露的聚集。此外，尽管科学界对生命历程中累积的劣势越来越感兴趣，但在职业生涯中暴露于一系列负面工作条件的程度和性质，甚至比它们在任何给定时间点聚集的程度还要少。更好地了解工作中的负面暴露与人口健康相关，因为它可能有助于解释为什么最初处于社会弱势地位的工人的健康轨迹继续与处于更有利地位的工人的健康轨迹有所不同。使用美国工人改变生活 (ACL) 和美国中年 (MIDUS) 纵向研究中具有全国代表性的美国工人样本，我们将探讨以下具体目标：(1) 探讨个人在工作中经历多种负面工作条件聚集的程度，并确定使个人面临最大风险的特征，(2) 研究工人如何在职业生涯中不断变化，积累接触负面工作条件的机会，(3) 评估是否 以及生命周期中暴露于消极工作条件与自评健康和抑郁症状的轨迹有何关系。项目响应理论 (IRT) 模型将用于生成连续测量，捕获给定调查波中的工作压力、工作不安全感和低工作满意度的共同暴露，并且将估计这些暴露测量的线性个体增长模型，并将其与健康的线性个体增长模型联系起来。如果工作场所政策或干预措施认识到工人面临的总体心理社会负担以及最脆弱的工人群体，那么它们可能会更加成功。 公共卫生相关性：该项目与 NICHD 人口和行为科学部门 (DBSB) 在健康和人口过程交叉点（特别是劳动力参与）研究方面的持续使命是一致的。该项目对公共卫生具有重要影响。它将提供关于某个时间点和整个职业生涯中心理社会工作场所危害的聚集的新信息，以及它们与自评健康和抑郁症状轨迹的关系。拟议的研究还将研究这些负面工作条件对于解释或扩大美国生命历程中健康差异的重要性。