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Neurobiological Substrates of Visual-Somatosensory Integration in Aging

衰老过程中视觉体感整合的神经生物学基础

基本信息

批准号：
10358968
负责人：
Jeannette R. Mahoney
金额：
$ 10.53万
依托单位：
ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2022-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

ABSTRACT A rapidly growing field of cognitive neuroscience referred to as multisensory integration (MSI) investigates the complexities of processing simultaneous sensory information. Primarily, MSI has been investigated in pairings of the three “major” senses (i.e., visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems), which are typically referred to as: auditory-somatosensory (AS), auditory-visual (AV), and visual-somatosensory (VS) combinations. Successful integration of concurrent information across multiple sensory modalities is crucial for functioning in the real world, completion of activities of daily living, and mobility. To date, only few studies have investigated multisensory processing in older adults and have predominately focused on AV interactions. Fewer still have related MSI to real world activities. Results from a study conducted in our laboratory revealed that compared to younger adults, older adults demonstrated a significantly larger reaction time benefit when processing concurrent VS information; two sensory modalities that clearly play an important role in everyday gait and balance. Further, our most recent work indicates differential patterns of multisensory processing in aging where individuals with larger (i.e., worse) VS multisensory effects manifested worse static balance, reported more falls, and endorsed less engagement in physical activities compared to elders with smaller MSI effects. These results provide support for the notion that VS integration measured behaviorally might reflect age-related physiological declines in unisensory processing. The facilitative benefit of VS information processing in older adults has major public health implications since unisensory visual and somatosensory impairments have been linked to functional decline, increased risks of falls, slower gait velocity, and poorer quality of life. Additionally, the effect of MSI has been attributed to basic degenerative changes in neuronal architecture during the aging process; however, this speculative interpretation has yet to be empirically tested. Furthermore, the functional and structural neural correlates of VS integration in aging have not been established - determining the neurobiological substrates of VS integration in aging and the association of such enhancement with various motor outcomes in older adults would be paramount to one day help identify opportunities to introduce cognitive and physical remediation programs that incorporate VS enhancement strategies in an effort to maintain functional independence.

摘要一个快速发展的认知神经科学领域被称为多感觉整合（MSI）研究处理同步感官信息的复杂性。首先，MSI已在三个“主要”感觉的配对（即，视觉、听觉和体感系统），这些系统通常称为：视觉-体感（AS）、视觉-视觉（AV）和视觉-体感（VS）组合。成功地整合多个感觉模态的并发信息对于在真实的世界中运作，完成日常生活活动，以及移动性。迄今为止，只有少数研究调查了老年人的多感觉处理，专注于AV互动。将MSI与真实的世界活动联系起来的更少。研究结果在我们的实验室进行的研究显示，与年轻人相比，老年人表现出一种当处理并发VS信息时，反应时间显著增加;两种感觉方式在日常步态和平衡中扮演着重要角色。此外，我们最近的研究表明，衰老中多感觉处理的差异模式，其中个体具有较大的（即，更差）VS 多感觉效应表现出更差的静态平衡，报告更多的福尔斯，并支持较少的参与，体力活动与老年人相比，MSI影响较小。这些结果支持了行为上测量的VS整合可能反映了年龄相关的生理下降，处理. 老年人VS信息处理的促进作用具有重大的公共卫生意义由于单感官视觉和躯体感觉障碍与功能下降有关，福尔斯的风险、较慢的步态速度和较差的生活质量。此外，MSI的影响已归因于衰老过程中神经元结构的基本退行性变化;然而，这种推测解释还有待于经验检验。此外，功能和结构神经相关 VS整合在衰老中的作用尚未建立-确定VS的神经生物学底物老龄化的整合以及这种增强与老年人各种运动结果的相关性将是至关重要的，有一天帮助确定引入认知和身体补救的机会，包含VS增强策略以保持功能独立性的程序。