Leisure as a Protective Factors against Everyday Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

项目总结 项目名称：休闲是预防心血管疾病日常风险的保护因素 少年派：马修·扎瓦茨基 压力、情绪低落、久坐不动和睡眠质量差是心血管疾病的危险因素 疾病。改变这些危险因素需要非药物、行为干预，但 现有选项的接受率、采用率和/或遵从率都很低。休闲活动提供了一种 创新的解决方案，如从事休闲，可能与所有这些风险因素有关，也涉及 人们已经在做的活动，报告说很享受，并有动力继续做。然而，它确实是 不清楚如何最好地做休闲。例如，一些休闲活动可能会同时增加和 减少风险因素，而且并不是所有的休闲都是每次都这样做的。这项建议采取了 创新的方法，虽然一些休闲活动可能更容易提供好处，而不是 其他的，所有的休闲活动都有可能降低心血管疾病的风险，这取决于 该活动被执行。在试点工作的基础上，休闲方式的以下方面将 被测试：休闲有多吸引人，它有多积极，它在多大程度上促进应对和自我 有效性，它在多大程度上增强了社会关系，一个人在以下情况下感受到了多少内疚 过着休闲的生活。这项研究的第一个目的是确定哪些休闲--以及人们是如何做这些的 活动--与心血管疾病的风险因素关系最密切。在测试这个问题时， 关键是要问这些模式是否适用于所有个人。这项提议的第二个目的是 探讨种族(即西班牙裔与非西班牙裔)是否缓和了联系。一个社区 样本(N=316)25-50岁的女性和男性--其中一半将是西班牙裔--将完成一项 入院期间测量基本的人口学、人体测量学控制和抑郁症。对于 在接下来的两周内，参与者将完成对压力的生态瞬时评估措施 每天五次的抑郁情绪，以及每天醒来后对睡眠质量的自我报告 睡前久坐的行为。佩戴两周的Fitbit充电设备将测量动作图 和心率来衡量久坐行为和睡眠质量的客观水平(持续时间和醒来时间 睡眠开始)。这项拟议研究的结果将为今后的工作提供指导，旨在改善 人们是做休闲的。通过找到与更好的心血管健康相关的休闲的关键维度， 人们可以接受关于如何以一种可能改善健康的方式进行休闲的培训。这 方法使用人们已经在做的活动，但与人们一起在 这种方法可以减少压力、抑郁情绪和久坐不动的行为，改善睡眠质量。这 将避免强迫人们做他们不喜欢的活动，并可能在一段时间后放弃 取而代之的是有可能产生更广泛吸引力的努力。

PROJECT SUMMARY Project Title: Leisure as a Protective Factor against Everyday Risk for Cardiovascular Disease PI: Matthew J. Zawadzki Stress, depressed mood, sedentary behavior, and poor sleep quality are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Changing these risk factors requires non-pharmacological, behavioral interventions, yet existing options have low rates of uptake, adoption, and/or adherence. Leisure activities offers an innovative solution as engaging in leisure may be related to all these risk factors, and also involve activities that people are already doing, report enjoying, and have motivation to continue to do. Yet it is not clear how best to do leisure. For example, some leisure activities may simultaneously increase and decrease risk factors, moreover not all leisure is done the say way every time. This proposal takes the innovative approach that while some leisure activities may be more prone to providing benefit than others, all leisure activities have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk depending on how that activity is performed. Based on pilot work, the following dimensions of how leisure is performed will be tested: how absorbing is the leisure, how positive is it, how much does it promote coping and self- efficacy, how much does it enhance social connections, and how much does one experience guilt when engaging in leisure. The first aim of the study is to identify which leisure – and how people do these activities – most strongly relate to the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In testing this question it is critical to ask whether these patterns are true for all individuals. The second aim of this proposal explores whether ethnicity (i.e., Hispanic versus non-Hispanic) moderates associations. A community sample (N = 316) of 25-50 year old woman and men - half of whom will be Hispanic - will complete an intake session to measure basic demographic, anthropometric controls, and depression. For the ensuing two weeks, participants will complete ecological momentary assessment measures of stress and depressed mood five times a day, along with daily self-reports of sleep quality upon waking and sedentary behavior before bed. A Fitbit Charge device worn for the two weeks will measure actigraphy and heart rate to index objective levels of sedentary behavior and sleep quality (duration and wake after sleep onset). The results from this proposed study will inform future work aimed at improving how people do leisure. By finding key dimensions of leisure that are related to better cardiovascular health, people can be trained on how to do their leisure in a way that is likely to improve their health. This approach uses the activities that people are already doing but work with people to do the activity in a way that reduces stress, depressed mood, and sedentary behavior, and improves sleep quality. This will avoid forcing people to do activities they do not enjoy and will likely give up after a short while and instead places efforts that have the potential for more general appeal.