IMPROVING EVERYDAY MEMORY IN HEALTHY AGING AND EARLY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

改善健康老龄化和早期阿尔茨海默病的日常记忆

• 批准号: 10359769
• 负责人: Jeffrey M Zacks
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10359769
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomy; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological; Cereals; Child; Cities; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Cognitive; Computer Models; Dementia; Elderly; Elements; Environment; Epidemiology; Event; Failure; Family; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Joints; Laboratories; Laboratory Finding; Life; Measures; Medial; Memory; Methods; Nervous system structure; Neurologic; Older Population; Organ; Paper; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reporting; Resolution; Sampling; Sensory; Source; Stream; Structure; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Translating; age effect; age related; attentional control; base; behavior test; brain dysfunction; brain metabolism; clinical application; effective intervention; experience; experimental study; healthy aging; improved; innovation; insight; memory encoding; memory retrieval; metabolic imaging; movie; neuroimaging; neuropathology; neurophysiology; novel; psychologic; relating to nervous system; remediation; scaffold; translational goal; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Memory for events in the recent past is crucial for effective functioning in everyday environments. Imagine someone is retiring and moving to a new city to be with family. Event memory will allow them to remember how to get to the grocery store and in which aisle to look for cereal, which neighbor's child to ask about mowing the lawn, and whether it is late enough to check if the mail has arrived. Failures of event memory are exactly the problems that bring elders into the neurological clinic and raise concerns that they may be developing Alzheimer's disease (AD)—both major epidemiological concerns, given that the population of older adults and the number of people with AD are growing dramatically. However, there is a large gap between this kind of memory and memory as it is usually studied in the psychological and neuroscientific laboratory, by presenting people with disconnected words, pictures, or sentences. Recent empirical and theoretical results have identified specialized neural and computational mechanisms that segment ongoing activity into meaningful events and have shown that these mechanisms are important for memory formation. In this proposal, we describe a novel synthesis and extension of previous approaches to the effects of age and AD on memory, based on these innovations. This synthesis opens up an opportunity to better understand how the mechanisms of human memory encoding change with age and AD, and at the same time to test the potential of novel interventions for potential clinical application to memory improvement. This project will capitalize on this opportunity, achieving three specific aims: Specific Aim 1 will test whether and how attention to event segmentation improves elders' memory for everyday activity at delays from minutes to week. Two well-powered experiments will extend a promising intervention that has been shown to improve event memory in young adults to older adult samples, testing memory at delays up to one month. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that effective event segmentation improves the resolution of elders' posterior/medial memory representations. Structures in the medial temporal lobes and posterior medial parietal cortex have been shown to be important for event memory and are affected by healthy aging and early AD. Two studies will test whether improving event segmentation improves the resolution of memory representations in these regions. Specific Aim 3 will test whether the mechanisms and consequences of segmentation improvement are maintained or impaired by early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Early AD selectively impairs the very systems that are proposed to be important for representing event memories. Two studies will test the possibility that improving event segmentation improves event memory in people with early symptomatic AD.

项目总结/摘要 对近期事件的记忆对于在日常环境中有效运作至关重要。 想象一下，有人退休了，搬到一个新的城市和家人在一起。事件记忆会让他们 记住如何去杂货店，在哪个过道找麦片，哪个邻居的麦片， 孩子问关于修剪草坪，以及是否足够晚，以检查邮件是否已经到达。 事件记忆的失败正是老年人进入神经科诊所的问题， 引起人们对他们可能患上阿尔茨海默病（AD）的担忧-这两种主要的流行病 考虑到老年人和AD患者的数量正在增加， 戏剧性地。然而，这种记忆与通常的记忆有很大的差距 在心理和神经科学实验室进行研究，向人们展示脱节的情况， 文字、图片或句子。 最近的经验和理论结果已经确定了专门的神经和计算 将正在进行的活动分割成有意义的事件的机制，并表明这些 机制对于记忆的形成很重要。在这个提议中，我们描述了一种新的合成方法， 扩展以前的方法对年龄和AD对记忆的影响，基于这些 创新。这种综合为更好地理解生物学的机制提供了机会。 人类记忆编码随年龄和AD的变化，同时测试新颖的潜力 潜在的临床应用干预记忆改善。该项目将利用 利用这个机会，实现三个具体目标： 具体目标1将测试是否以及如何注意事件分割改善老年人的生活质量。 日常活动的记忆延迟从几分钟到一周。两个强大的实验将 将一项有希望的干预措施扩展到年轻人，该措施已被证明可以改善事件记忆， 老年人样本，测试记忆延迟长达一个月。 具体目标2将检验有效的事件分割可以改善 老年人后内侧记忆表征的解析。构造 内侧颞叶和后内侧顶叶皮质已被证明是重要的事件 记忆力，并受到健康老龄化和早期AD的影响。两项研究将测试是否改善 事件分割提高了这些区域中记忆表示的分辨率。 具体目标3将测试分割的机制和后果是否 改善被早期症状性阿尔茨海默病维持或削弱。早期AD 选择性地削弱了那些被认为对表现事件很重要的系统， 回忆两项研究将测试改善事件分割的可能性， 早期症状性AD患者的记忆力。