IMPROVING EVERYDAY MEMORY IN HEALTHY AGING AND EARLY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

改善健康老龄化和早期阿尔茨海默病的日常记忆

• 批准号: 10359769
• 负责人: Jeffrey M Zacks
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10359769
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomy; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological; Cereals; Child; Cities; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Cognitive; Computer Models; Dementia; Elderly; Elements; Environment; Epidemiology; Event; Failure; Family; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Joints; Laboratories; Laboratory Finding; Life; Measures; Medial; Memory; Methods; Nervous system structure; Neurologic; Older Population; Organ; Paper; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reporting; Resolution; Sampling; Sensory; Source; Stream; Structure; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Translating; age effect; age related; attentional control; base; behavior test; brain dysfunction; brain metabolism; clinical application; effective intervention; experience; experimental study; healthy aging; improved; innovation; insight; memory encoding; memory retrieval; metabolic imaging; movie; neuroimaging; neuropathology; neurophysiology; novel; psychologic; relating to nervous system; remediation; scaffold; translational goal; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Memory for events in the recent past is crucial for effective functioning in everyday environments. Imagine someone is retiring and moving to a new city to be with family. Event memory will allow them to remember how to get to the grocery store and in which aisle to look for cereal, which neighbor's child to ask about mowing the lawn, and whether it is late enough to check if the mail has arrived. Failures of event memory are exactly the problems that bring elders into the neurological clinic and raise concerns that they may be developing Alzheimer's disease (AD)—both major epidemiological concerns, given that the population of older adults and the number of people with AD are growing dramatically. However, there is a large gap between this kind of memory and memory as it is usually studied in the psychological and neuroscientific laboratory, by presenting people with disconnected words, pictures, or sentences. Recent empirical and theoretical results have identified specialized neural and computational mechanisms that segment ongoing activity into meaningful events and have shown that these mechanisms are important for memory formation. In this proposal, we describe a novel synthesis and extension of previous approaches to the effects of age and AD on memory, based on these innovations. This synthesis opens up an opportunity to better understand how the mechanisms of human memory encoding change with age and AD, and at the same time to test the potential of novel interventions for potential clinical application to memory improvement. This project will capitalize on this opportunity, achieving three specific aims: Specific Aim 1 will test whether and how attention to event segmentation improves elders' memory for everyday activity at delays from minutes to week. Two well-powered experiments will extend a promising intervention that has been shown to improve event memory in young adults to older adult samples, testing memory at delays up to one month. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that effective event segmentation improves the resolution of elders' posterior/medial memory representations. Structures in the medial temporal lobes and posterior medial parietal cortex have been shown to be important for event memory and are affected by healthy aging and early AD. Two studies will test whether improving event segmentation improves the resolution of memory representations in these regions. Specific Aim 3 will test whether the mechanisms and consequences of segmentation improvement are maintained or impaired by early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Early AD selectively impairs the very systems that are proposed to be important for representing event memories. Two studies will test the possibility that improving event segmentation improves event memory in people with early symptomatic AD.

项目概要/摘要 对最近发生的事件的记忆对于在日常环境中有效发挥作用至关重要。 想象一下有人退休并搬到一个新城市与家人在一起。事件记忆将使他们 记住如何去杂货店、在哪个过道寻找麦片、哪个邻居的 孩子询问修剪草坪的事，以及检查邮件是否已到达是否晚了。 事件记忆障碍正是导致老年人到神经科就诊的问题。 引起人们对他们可能患上阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的担忧——这两种疾病都是主要的流行病学疾病 鉴于老年人口和 AD 患者数量不断增加，人们对此表示担忧 戏剧性地。然而，这种记忆与通常的记忆有很大差距。 在心理和神经科学实验室进行了研究，通过向人们展示与脱节的人 文字、图片或句子。 最近的经验和理论结果已经确定了专门的神经和计算 将正在进行的活动分割成有意义的事件的机制，并表明这些 机制对于记忆形成很重要。在这个提案中，我们描述了一种新颖的合成和 基于这些，扩展了先前关于年龄和AD对记忆的影响的方法 创新。这种综合为更好地理解其机制提供了一个机会 人类记忆编码随着年龄和AD的变化而变化，同时测试小说的潜力 干预措施对改善记忆的潜在临床应用。该项目将利用 借此机会，实现三个具体目标： 具体目标 1 将测试对事件分段的关注是否以及如何改善老年人的 日常活动的记忆会延迟几分钟到一周。两个强有力的实验将 将一项已被证明可以改善年轻人事件记忆的有希望的干预措施扩展到 老年人样本，延迟最多一个月测试记忆力。 具体目标 2 将检验以下假设：有效的事件分割可以提高 解决老年人的后/内侧记忆表征。中的结构 内侧颞叶和后内侧顶叶皮层已被证明对事件很重要 记忆力并受到健康衰老和早期 AD 的影响。两项研究将测试是否有所改善 事件分段提高了这些区域中内存表示的分辨率。 具体目标3将测试分割的机制和后果 早期症状性阿尔茨海默病可维持或损害改善。公元早期 有选择地损害被认为对代表事件很重要的系统 回忆。两项研究将测试改进事件分割改善事件的可能性 患有早期症状 AD 的人的记忆力。