Feed Forward Visual System Function in High Trait Anxiety

高特质焦虑中的前馈视觉系统功能

• 批准号: 10360500
• 负责人: Elliot Kale Edmiston
• 金额: $ 16.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10360500
• 关键词: Adult; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Award; Clinical; Clinical Data; Collaborations; Complex; Coupling; Cues; Data; Detection; Development; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Down-Regulation; Educational workshop; Emotional; Emotions; Face; Faculty; Failure; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Fusiform gyrus; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Intervention; Lateral; Lead; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Mood Disorders; Neuroanatomy; Neurosciences Research; Participant; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Process; Psychiatry; Quality of life; Records; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Safety; Sampling; Scanning; Severities; Signal Transduction; Statistical Data Interpretation; Stimulus; Stream; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Training Activity; Universities; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; affective neuroscience; anxiety symptoms; anxious; base; blood oxygen level dependent; career development; causal model; clinical anxiety; design; emotional stimulus; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; follow-up; generalized anxiety; imaging modality; imaging study; improved; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; new therapeutic target; novel; novel strategies; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; response; showing emotion; social; success; suicidal risk; trait; visual processing; visual stimulus; young adult

Project Abstract High trait anxiety (HTA) is associated with increased risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Individuals with HTA show elevated fear responses to threatening situations, and react with fear to situations that are not threatening. Individuals with HTA generalize threat, such that neutral or familiar visual stimuli are processed as though they are threatening or potentially threatening. The persistence of such processing differences across a broad range of visual stimuli suggests dysfunction in a basic visual mechanism. Indeed, there is evidence from the anxiety disorders literature for increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in visual cortex among those with higher anxiety. Despite evidence for elevated visual activity, the dominant model for the pathophysiology of anxiety posits aberrant top-down or effortful processing, mediated by prefrontal projections to the amygdala. However, this model cannot account for findings of elevated visual cortex activity that occur in response to a range of stimuli and at an early latency. This early latency indicates a preattentive mechanism that precedes prefrontal involvement. A feed forward model emphasizing the role of implicit processing in visual cortices better explains the literature than the traditional top-down model. This project employs functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods in a sample of young adults ranging continuously trait anxiety. Aim 1 characterizes visual system function in HTA across a range of stimuli, while Aim 2 determines the relative contributions of both the proposed bottom-up model and the traditional, top-down model to trait anxiety, symptom severity, and quality of life both concurrently and at follow up. This project tests a novel neural target (visual cortex) associated with a trans-diagnostic risk factor (HTA), to inform new approaches to intervention. The training aims for this award dovetail with the research aims, and emphasize mentored and didactic training crucial to the success of this project. The principle investigator (PI) has assembled a team of experts to provide mentorship and advanced training in 1) the functional neuroanatomy of implicit visual perception in health and in mood and anxiety disorders, 2) advanced methods training, including dynamic causal modeling and statistical analysis, and 3) the conduct of clinical anxiety disorders research. The PI has outlined a detailed training plan to accomplish these aims, to include workshops, formal collaborations with expert consultants, and coursework. His co-mentors, Dr. Mary Phillips and Dr. Jay Fournier, have established track records in psychiatric neuroimaging research. Research and training activities will take place at the University of Pittsburgh. The University of Pittsburgh is committed to the career development of junior faculty and the Department of Psychiatry and has a longstanding record of excellence in psychiatric neuroimaging and affective neuroscience research. The training aims will build on the PI's preparation as a psychiatric neuroscientist with expertise in fMRI, allowing him to establish himself as an independent investigator. The PI's long term goal is to conduct neuroscientific research to inform novel visual system-based interventions to prevent psychiatric disorders.

项目摘要 高特质焦虑(HTA)与情绪和焦虑症的风险增加有关。患有HTA的个体 对威胁的情况表现出更高的恐惧反应，对不具威胁的情况表现出恐惧的反应。 患有HTA的个体泛化威胁，这样中性或熟悉的视觉刺激被处理得就像他们 具有或可能具有威胁性。这种加工差异在很大范围内的持久性 视觉刺激表明基本的视觉机制有功能障碍。事实上，有证据表明，这种焦虑 精神障碍患者视皮层血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号增加的文献 更高的焦虑。尽管有证据表明视觉活动增加，但主要的病理生理学模型 焦虑假设异常的自上而下或费力的处理，由前额叶投射到杏仁核。 然而，这个模型不能解释视皮层活动增加的结果，这种活动发生在对 刺激范围和早期潜伏期。这一早期潜伏期表明了一种先于 前额叶受累。更好地强调视觉皮层内隐加工作用的前馈模型 解释了文献中传统的自上而下的模型。该项目采用了功能磁共振 成像(FMRI)方法在年轻人的样本中持续调整特质焦虑。目标1的特点是 HTA的视觉系统在一系列刺激下的功能，而目标2决定了两者的相对贡献 建议的自下而上模型和传统的自上而下模型，用于评估特质焦虑、症状严重程度和质量 在生活的同时和后续。该项目测试了一种新的神经靶点(视觉皮质)，它与 跨诊断风险因素(HTA)，以提供新的干预方法。 该奖项的培训目标与研究目标相吻合，强调辅导和授课培训 对这个项目的成功至关重要。首席调查员(PI)组建了一个专家小组，以提供 指导和高级培训：1)健康和健康人群中内隐视知觉的功能神经解剖学 在情绪和焦虑症方面，2)高级方法培训，包括动态因果建模和统计 分析；3)临床焦虑症研究的开展。PI概述了一项详细的培训计划，以 实现这些目标，包括研讨会、与专家顾问的正式合作和课程作业。 他的合作导师玛丽·菲利普斯博士和杰伊·福尼尔博士在精神病学方面建立了良好的记录。 神经影像研究。研究和培训活动将在匹兹堡大学进行。这个 匹兹堡大学致力于初级教师和精神病学系的职业发展 在精神神经成像和情感神经科学研究方面有着长期的卓越记录。 培训目标将建立在PI作为一名具有fMRI专业知识的精神神经科学家的准备基础上，允许 他要求确立自己作为独立调查员的地位。私家侦探的长期目标是进行神经科学 为预防精神疾病提供基于视觉系统的新型干预措施的研究。