Feed Forward Visual System Function in High Trait Anxiety

高特质焦虑中的前馈视觉系统功能

• 批准号: 9915959
• 负责人: Elliot Kale Edmiston
• 金额: $ 16.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9915959
• 关键词: Adult; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Award; Clinical; Clinical Data; Collaborations; Complex; Coupling; Cues; Data; Detection; Development; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Down-Regulation; Educational workshop; Emotional; Emotions; Face; Faculty; Failure; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Fusiform gyrus; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Intervention; Lateral; Lead; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Mood Disorders; Neuroanatomy; Neurosciences Research; Participant; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Process; Psychiatry; Quality of life; Records; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Safety; Sampling; Scanning; Severities; Signal Transduction; Statistical Data Interpretation; Stimulus; Stream; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Training Activity; Universities; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; affective neuroscience; anxiety symptoms; anxious; base; blood oxygen level dependent; career development; causal model; clinical anxiety; design; emotional stimulus; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; follow-up; generalized anxiety; imaging modality; imaging study; improved; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; new therapeutic target; novel; novel strategies; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; response; showing emotion; social; success; suicidal risk; trait; visual processing; visual stimulus; young adult

Project Abstract High trait anxiety (HTA) is associated with increased risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Individuals with HTA show elevated fear responses to threatening situations, and react with fear to situations that are not threatening. Individuals with HTA generalize threat, such that neutral or familiar visual stimuli are processed as though they are threatening or potentially threatening. The persistence of such processing differences across a broad range of visual stimuli suggests dysfunction in a basic visual mechanism. Indeed, there is evidence from the anxiety disorders literature for increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in visual cortex among those with higher anxiety. Despite evidence for elevated visual activity, the dominant model for the pathophysiology of anxiety posits aberrant top-down or effortful processing, mediated by prefrontal projections to the amygdala. However, this model cannot account for findings of elevated visual cortex activity that occur in response to a range of stimuli and at an early latency. This early latency indicates a preattentive mechanism that precedes prefrontal involvement. A feed forward model emphasizing the role of implicit processing in visual cortices better explains the literature than the traditional top-down model. This project employs functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods in a sample of young adults ranging continuously trait anxiety. Aim 1 characterizes visual system function in HTA across a range of stimuli, while Aim 2 determines the relative contributions of both the proposed bottom-up model and the traditional, top-down model to trait anxiety, symptom severity, and quality of life both concurrently and at follow up. This project tests a novel neural target (visual cortex) associated with a trans-diagnostic risk factor (HTA), to inform new approaches to intervention. The training aims for this award dovetail with the research aims, and emphasize mentored and didactic training crucial to the success of this project. The principle investigator (PI) has assembled a team of experts to provide mentorship and advanced training in 1) the functional neuroanatomy of implicit visual perception in health and in mood and anxiety disorders, 2) advanced methods training, including dynamic causal modeling and statistical analysis, and 3) the conduct of clinical anxiety disorders research. The PI has outlined a detailed training plan to accomplish these aims, to include workshops, formal collaborations with expert consultants, and coursework. His co-mentors, Dr. Mary Phillips and Dr. Jay Fournier, have established track records in psychiatric neuroimaging research. Research and training activities will take place at the University of Pittsburgh. The University of Pittsburgh is committed to the career development of junior faculty and the Department of Psychiatry and has a longstanding record of excellence in psychiatric neuroimaging and affective neuroscience research. The training aims will build on the PI's preparation as a psychiatric neuroscientist with expertise in fMRI, allowing him to establish himself as an independent investigator. The PI's long term goal is to conduct neuroscientific research to inform novel visual system-based interventions to prevent psychiatric disorders.

项目摘要 高特质焦虑（HTA）与情绪和焦虑症的风险增加有关。HTA患者 对有威胁的情况表现出更高的恐惧反应，对没有威胁的情况表现出恐惧反应。 HTA患者会概括威胁，例如中性或熟悉的视觉刺激被处理， 威胁或潜在威胁。这种处理差异的持久性在很大范围内 暗示了基本视觉机制的功能障碍。事实上，有证据表明， 在患有糖尿病的患者中，视觉皮层中的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号增加 更高的焦虑尽管有证据表明视觉活动增强，但脑梗死病理生理学的主要模型 焦虑假定了异常的自上而下或努力的处理，由前额叶投射到杏仁核介导。 然而，这个模型不能解释视觉皮层活动升高的发现，这些活动是在对视觉刺激的反应中发生的。 刺激范围和早期潜伏期。这种早期的潜伏期表明了一种前注意机制， 前额叶受累一个更好地强调内隐加工在视觉皮层中作用的前馈模型 比传统的自上而下的模型更能解释文献。该项目采用功能性磁共振技术 研究人员使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）方法对持续特质焦虑的年轻人样本进行了研究。目标1描述了 HTA中的视觉系统功能在一系列刺激中发挥作用，而Aim 2决定了两者的相对贡献 提出的自下而上的模型和传统的自上而下的模型，以特质焦虑，症状严重程度和质量 同时和随访时的生命体征。这个项目测试了一个新的神经靶点（视觉皮层）， 跨诊断风险因素（HTA），为新的干预方法提供信息。 该奖项的培训目标与研究目标相吻合，并强调指导和教学培训 对这个项目的成功至关重要。主要研究者（PI）组建了一个专家团队， 导师和先进的培训1）功能神经解剖学的内隐视知觉在健康和 在情绪和焦虑症，2）先进的方法培训，包括动态因果建模和统计 分析; 3）进行焦虑症的临床研究。PI已概述了详细的培训计划， 实现这些目标，包括研讨会，与专家顾问的正式合作，以及课程。 他的共同导师玛丽菲利普斯博士和杰伊·福尼尔博士在精神病学方面建立了良好的记录。 神经影像学研究。研究和培训活动将在匹兹堡大学进行。的 匹兹堡大学致力于初级教师和精神病学系的职业发展 并在精神神经影像学和情感神经科学研究方面有着长期的卓越记录。 培训目标将建立在PI作为具有功能磁共振成像专业知识的精神病神经科学家的准备基础上， 让他成为一名独立的调查员。PI的长期目标是进行神经科学研究 研究为预防精神疾病提供新的基于视觉系统的干预措施。