The lasting effect of maternal choline supplementation on lipid metabolism in mouse progeny affected by maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus

项目摘要 在美国，母亲肥胖影响了超过三分之一的孕妇，并增加了患上肥胖症的风险。 妊娠期糖尿病（GDM），定义为妊娠期间的高血糖。母亲肥胖 和GDM导致胎儿过度生长，从而增加肥胖和心血管代谢的风险 后代在生命后期的疾病。尽管总体肥胖率增加，GDM影响的婴儿 证明了长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的反常减少， 脐带血中的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量，这可能会影响DHA进入大脑 和认知发展。胆碱是一种半必需营养素，影响脂质的不同途径 这些基因与脂质代谢有关，如介导脂质转运和脂质代谢基因的表观遗传控制。我们之前的研究 已经证明，母体胆碱补充剂（MCS）可以防止胎儿过度生长， LC-PUFA转运蛋白在来自肥胖和GDM母鼠的小鼠胚胎胎盘中的表达。在 目前的研究，我们假设MCS在肥胖/GDM小鼠持续减少异位脂肪积累， 同时恢复小鼠后代中的LC-PUFA状态，从而维持其代谢健康 在以后的生活中目的1将确定MCS对调节关键器官脂质稳态的持续影响， 新陈代谢. C57 BL/6 J雌性小鼠将喂食60%高脂肪（HF）饮食以诱导肥胖和GDM，或喂食10%高脂肪（HF）饮食以诱导GDM。 10%正常脂肪（NF）饮食。小鼠将补充25 mM氯化胆碱水溶液或给予 在定时交配前4周控制饮用纯净水，直至幼仔断奶。我们将解剖幼崽， 断奶或断奶后HF喂养6周后（n=2只雌性和2只雄性/母兽和10只母兽/组），以及 定量脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和脂肪酸含量以及脂质代谢基因表达 在肝脏血液骨骼肌和性腺脂肪垫中目标2将确定MCS对 个体脂肪酸的代谢，尤其是后代中的LC-PUFA。脂质组学方法将 用于扫描所有脂肪酸种类。目的3将阐明哪条胆碱代谢途径参与了 调节脂质体内平衡。我们将使用氘标记的胆碱示踪剂来追踪 体内的胆碱我们预期MCS对促进脂质代谢和输出具有持久的作用， 同时在肥胖/GDM母鼠的后代中保持LC-PUFA状态并防止它们食用HF饮食- 诱发肥胖、脂肪肝和糖尿病。本研究将全面确定 MCS影响受母体影响的小鼠后代的脂质谱、分布和代谢 肥胖/GDM。研究结果将提供一个具有成本效益的营养方法，以抵消持久的见解 母亲肥胖/GDM对后代脂质稳态和代谢健康的不利影响。

Project summary Maternal obesity affects more than one third of pregnant women in the U.S. and increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined by high blood glucose during pregnancy. Both maternal obesity and GDM lead to fetal overgrowth, which subsequently increases the risk of obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases of the offspring later in life. Despite the increase in overall adiposity, GDM-affected babies demonstrate a paradoxical decrease in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in the cord blood, which likely affects DHA incorporation into the brain and cognitive development. Choline is a semi-essential nutrient that affects different pathways of lipid metabolism, such as mediating lipid transport and epigenetic control of lipid metabolic genes. Our prior studies have demonstrated that maternal choline supplementation (MCS) prevented fetal overgrowth and enhanced the expression of a LC-PUFA transporter in the placenta of mouse embryos from obese and GDM dams. In the current study, we hypothesize that MCS in obese/GDM mice persistently reduces ectopic fat accumulation in different organs while restoring LC-PUFA status in mouse progeny, thereby maintaining their metabolic health later in life. Aim 1 will determine the persisting influence of MCS on lipid homeostasis in key organs regulating metabolism. C57BL/6J female mice will be fed either a 60% high-fat (HF) diet to induce obesity and GDM or a 10% normal fat (NF) diet. Mice will be either supplemented with 25mM choline chloride in water or given control plain drinking water 4 weeks prior to timed-mating until weaning of pups. We will dissect pups either at weaning or after 6 weeks of post-weaning HF feeding (n=2 females and 2 males/dam and 10 dams/group) and quantify lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and fatty acid contents as well as lipid metabolic gene expression in the liver, blood, skeletal muscle and gonadal fat pad. Aim 2 will determine the differential effect of MCS on the metabolism of individual fatty acids, especially LC-PUFA in the offspring. A lipidomics approach will be used to scan all fatty acid species. Aim 3 will delineate which pathway of choline metabolism participates in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. We will use a deuterium labeled choline tracer to trace the metabolic fate of choline in the body. We anticipate that MCS has long-lasting effects on promoting lipid catabolism and export, while preserving LC-PUFA status in the offspring from obese/GDM dams and preventing them from HF diet- induced obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes. This study will comprehensively determine the mechanism by which MCS influences the lipid profile, distribution, and metabolism in mouse progeny affected by maternal obesity/GDM. Results will provide insights into a cost-effective nutritional approach to counteract the lasting adverse influence of maternal obesity /GDM on lipid homeostasis and metabolic health of the offspring.