Individual Differences in Color Vision Assessed with Chromatic Textures

用彩色纹理评估色觉的个体差异

• 批准号: 10370147
• 负责人: Jonathan Henry Venezia
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA LOMA LINDA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10370147
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Attention; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Blindness; Brain; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Color Visions; Complex; Data; Detection; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; Dimensions; Discrimination; Disease; Elements; Environment; Factor Analysis; Failure; Functional disorder; Goals; Grouping; Hearing problem; Individual; Individual Differences; Lead; Life; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Military Personnel; Modeling; Motion; Nervous System Trauma; Optic Neuritis; Optics; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Play; Population; Property; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Retina; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Statistical Models; Stimulus; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Texture; Time; Trauma; United States; Variant; Veterans; Vision; Vision Disorders; Vision Tests; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Pathways; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Work; age group; base; color processing; design; diagnostic value; experience; individual variation; luminance; mathematical model; mild traumatic brain injury; multisensory; novel; post 9/11; receptor; segregation; sensory mechanism; visual processing

Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often report visual problems despite normal or near-normal performance on clinical tests of afferent vision. Strikingly, a similar pattern is observed in the auditory domain, which suggests two potentially overlapping explanations for the (multi-)sensory deficits in mTBI: (a) damage to the ascending sensory pathways produces subtle deficits that may not be detectable on standard clinical tests; and (b) changes at more central levels of sensory processing or in cognitive, affective, or associative brain networks lead to deficits in processing complex sensory environments. Therefore, an ideal measure of sensory capacity in mTBI should account for changes at these different levels of processing. Returning to the domain of vision, recent research suggests that color vision is highly sensitive to acquired disorders or trauma affecting the early visual pathway. At the same time, color plays a significant role in higher visual functions such as object segregation and visual attention. These properties make color vision an ideal candidate for assessment of visual function in mTBI. However, current tests of color vision focus on detection of (primarily congenital) losses originating at the retinal color receptors. The proposed study begins to develop a new test of color vision designed to capture changes at low (e.g., retinal) and high (e.g., cortical) levels of visual processing. The test relies on discrimination of chromatic textures whose individual elements are assigned an equiluminant shade along a continuum from pure green to pure red. The distribution of colors follows a statistical pattern such that discrimination among two textures with opposing patterns relies on the visual system’s ability to extract those patterns. Different types of patterns are used to probe different aspects of color processing. Pattern extraction is assumed to rely on a limited number of mechanisms sensitive to different shades of red and/or green and a ‘mixing module’ that allows the mechanisms to be combined in different ways to encode different patterns. A mathematical model of texture discrimination performance is used to enumerate, for a group of observers: (a) the number and structure of the low-level mechanisms; (b) each observer’s sensitivity to those mechanisms; and (c) each observer’s unique mixing proportions. Performance across different chromatic texture patterns is taken to reflect a given observer’s unique profile of red-green vision. This proposal aims to validate this paradigm in groups of younger (25-34 yrs.) and older (55-64 yrs.) Veterans with normal color vision, given that low-level color sensitivity is known to decrease by ~10% per decade of life with considerable individual differences in high-level color processing within and between age groups. The first specific aim is to determine whether chromatic texture discrimination captures aspects of color processing beyond those captured by well-established chromatic sensitivity measurements. Red-green chromatic sensitivity thresholds from the Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test will be entered with chromatic texture discrimination thresholds in a factor analytic model, where the hypothesis is that chromatic texture discrimination thresholds will load on a different factor than CAD thresholds. A novel ‘suprathreshold’ measure of chromatic sensitivity based on color-defined coherent motion will be included to capture variation in chromatic sensitivity at higher levels of processing. The second specific aim will apply the aforementioned mathematical model of chromatic texture discrimination to characterize individual differences in bottom-up (mechanism sensitivity) and top-down (mechanism mixing) color processing. Achievement of these aims will allow deployment of color vision tests – texture-based or otherwise – to characterize the visual deficits in mTBI by providing a baseline for normal variation in color vision at multiple ages and levels of processing. Notably, the red-green texture discrimination paradigm can be easily extended to yellow-blue and grayscale vision. The long-term goal for this line of work is to combine texture-based and other tests of complex visual function with related tests of complex auditory function to determine the extent to which multisensory deficits at different levels of processing contribute to the functional deficits observed in mTBI.

患有轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）的退伍军人经常报告视力问题，尽管正常或接近正常 在传入视觉的临床测试中的表现。引人注目的是，在听觉领域也观察到了类似的模式， 这表明mTBI中的（多）感觉缺陷的两种可能重叠的解释：（a）对 上行感觉通路产生在标准临床测试中可能无法检测到的细微缺陷; 和（B）感觉处理的更中枢水平或认知、情感或联想脑中的变化 网络导致处理复杂感觉环境的缺陷。因此，一个理想的感官测量 mTBI中的容量应考虑这些不同处理水平的变化。回到领域 视觉，最近的研究表明，色觉是高度敏感的获得性疾病或创伤影响 早期视觉通路同时，颜色在高级视觉功能中起着重要的作用，如物体 隔离和视觉注意力。这些特性使得色觉成为视觉评估的理想候选者。 在mTBI中发挥作用。然而，目前的色觉测试集中在检测（主要是先天性）损失 起源于视网膜颜色感受器。这项拟议中的研究开始开发一种新的色觉测试 被设计为捕获低电平的变化（例如，视网膜）和高（例如，皮质）视觉处理的水平。测试 依赖于彩色纹理的辨别，其单个元素被分配等亮度阴影 沿着从纯绿色到纯红色的连续体。颜色的分布遵循统计模式， 区分两种具有相反图案的纹理依赖于视觉系统提取这些图案的能力。 模式.不同类型的图案用于探测颜色处理的不同方面。模式提取是 假设依赖于有限数量的对不同深浅的红色和/或绿色敏感的机制， “混合模块”允许以不同的方式组合机制来编码不同的模式。一 纹理辨别性能的数学模型被用来为一组观察者列举：（a） （B）每个观察员对这些机制的敏感度; (c)每个观察者独特的混合比例不同色彩纹理模式的表现 以反映特定观察者的红绿视觉的独特轮廓。本提案旨在验证这一范例， 年轻群体（25-34岁）及以上（55-64岁）色觉正常的退伍军人，鉴于低水平的颜色 已知敏感性每十年下降约10%，高水平的个体差异相当大。 年龄组内和年龄组之间的颜色处理。第一个具体的目的是确定是否有色差 纹理辨别捕获了颜色处理的方面，而不是由公认的彩色图像处理捕获的那些方面。 灵敏度测量颜色评估和诊断中的红绿色敏感度阈值 (CAD)测试将进入一个因素分析模型中的彩色纹理辨别阈值，其中， 假设彩色纹理辨别阈值将加载在与CAD阈值不同的因子上。 一种新的基于颜色定义的相干运动的颜色敏感度的“阈上”测量将在 包括在更高的处理水平上以捕获色彩灵敏度的变化。第二个具体目标 将应用上述彩色纹理鉴别的数学模型来表征个体 自下而上（机制灵敏度）和自上而下（机制混合）颜色处理的差异。 这些目标的实现将允许部署色觉测试-基于纹理或其他-以 通过提供多个时间点的色觉正常变化的基线来表征mTBI中的视觉缺陷 年龄和加工水平。值得注意的是，红绿纹理辨别范例可以容易地扩展到 黄蓝和灰度视觉。这条生产线的长期目标是将联合收割机纹理和其他 复杂视觉功能测试和相关的复杂听觉功能测试，以确定 不同处理水平的多感觉缺陷导致在mTBI中观察到的功能缺陷。