Assessing the effects of adolescent nicotine vapor exposure on motivation and decision for rewards

评估青少年尼古丁蒸气暴露对奖励动机和决策的影响

• 批准号: 10373033
• 负责人: Ian Alfredo Mendez
• 金额: $ 11.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS EL PASO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10373033
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Advertising; Animal Model; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Chemicals; Chemosensitization; Chronic; Cognitive; Consumption; Corpus striatum structure; Costs and Benefits; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Drug usage; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Environmental Risk Factor; Female; Food; Foundations; Future; Genetic; Goals; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Infusion procedures; Inhalation; Injections; Knowledge; Long-Term Effects; Lung; Measures; Mental Health; Motivation; Neurobiology; Nicotine; Nicotinic Receptors; Palate; Particle Size; Pharmacodynamics; Policies; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Propylene Glycols; Rattus; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Priority; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Safety; Sales; System; Techniques; Testing; absorption; addiction; adolescent health; antagonist; base; behavioral phenotyping; brain behavior; cholinergic; cigarette smoking; combustible cigarette; cost shifting; discounting; drug of abuse; electronic cigarette use; experimental study; improved; injection/infusion; male; neurobiological mechanism; nicotine exposure; nicotine use; nicotine vapor; novel; preclinical study; receptor; tobacco products; trend; vaping; vegetable glycerin

Project Summary A lack of information, along with targeted advertising, addition of palatable flavors, and misconceptions about their safety has led to a dramatic increase in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes), with sales of e-cigarettes rising from $20 million in 2008 to $1.5 billion in 2014. In adolescents, continuing annual increases in e-cigarette use have been particularly high and e-cigarette use has now surpassed that of traditional cigarettes within this population. The neurobiology of the adolescent brain produces a behavioral phenotype that increases reward-seeking behavior and makes them engage in more impulsive and risky behaviors, including experimental drug use. These findings warrant a critical need for more research on the effects of nicotine vapor exposure on adolescent health, including its effects on the malleable adolescent brain and the behavior that it controls. We posit that adolescent exposure to nicotine vapor results in long-term dramatic changes in reward seeking behaviors. Based on the results of a limited number of studies investigating the effects of nicotine on decision making and cue-induced motivation for rewards, we predicted that repeated exposure to nicotine vapor will cause a significant and persist increases in impulsive choice, decreases in risky choice, and decreases in cue-induced potentiation of reward seeking behavior, in both male and female rats. Additionally, we expect that specific nicotinic receptor subtypes, particularly within the striatum, will predict reward choice and motivation. We will test these predictions using cost-benefit decision making and Pavlovian- to-instrumental transfer tests with food pellets as the reward. The goal of this research is to determine if exposure to nicotine vapor during adolescence causes significant long-term changes in impulsive or risky choice (Aim 1a) or long-term changes in the ability of reward paired cues to invigorate reward seeking behavior (Aim 1b). Additionally, relationships between reward motivation or reward choice and nicotinic α4β2 receptor levels in the brains of rats, with and without a history or adolescent nicotine vapor exposure, will be determined (Aim 2). This research will provide immediate and much needed information about this rising and potentially devastating addictive trend, commonly observed in adolescents.

项目摘要 缺乏信息，沿着有针对性的广告，增加可口的口味，以及对 它们的安全性导致电子尼古丁输送系统（电子烟）的使用急剧增加， 电子烟的销售额从2008年的2000万美元上升到2014年的15亿美元。在青少年中， 电子烟使用的增长特别高，电子烟的使用现在已经超过了传统香烟。 香烟在这个人群中青少年大脑的神经生物学产生了一种行为表型 这增加了寻求奖励的行为，使他们从事更冲动和危险的行为， 包括实验性吸毒这些发现证明迫切需要对以下因素的影响进行更多的研究： 尼古丁蒸汽暴露对青少年健康的影响，包括其对可塑性青少年大脑和 它所控制的行为。我们认为青少年暴露于尼古丁蒸汽会导致长期的戏剧性的 奖励寻求行为的变化。根据有限数量的研究结果， 尼古丁对决策和线索诱导的奖励动机的影响，我们预测，重复 暴露于尼古丁蒸汽会导致冲动选择的显著和持续增加，风险选择的减少， 选择，并减少线索诱导的奖励寻求行为的增强，在雄性和雌性大鼠。 此外，我们预计，特定的烟碱受体亚型，特别是在纹状体内，将预测 奖励选择和激励。我们将使用成本效益决策和巴甫洛夫- 以食物颗粒作为奖励的仪器转移测试。这项研究的目的是确定， 青少年时期暴露于尼古丁蒸汽会导致冲动或冒险选择的显着长期变化 (Aim 1a）或奖励配对线索的能力的长期变化，以激励奖励寻求行为（目的 1 b）。此外，奖励动机或奖励选择与烟碱α4β2受体水平之间的关系 将测定有和没有尼古丁蒸汽暴露史或青少年尼古丁蒸汽暴露史的大鼠脑中的尼古丁含量（目的 2）。这项研究将提供有关这一上升和潜在的即时和急需的信息 毁灭性的成瘾趋势，通常在青少年中观察到。