Measuring Well-Being and Its MultidimensionalDeterminants Across Individuals and the Life Course

研究计划-摘要/摘要 这个项目开发和应用各种方法来比较不同个人的总体幸福感，使用 回答调查问题，要求受访者对幸福感的多个方面进行评分。比较不同国家的幸福感 个人和群体是许多科学努力的关键投入：(1)使用横断面数据研究 幸福的决定因素或研究幸福在一生中的变化，(2)研究幸福中的不平等， 这反过来又是将个人幸福感汇总为社会福利衡量标准所必需的，以及(3)量化 当考虑到非市场商品时，群体优势或劣势的程度。 在比较个人(或群体)之间的总体个人幸福感时，出现了两个关键问题：第一，不同的个人 可能使用不同的报告量表；第二，能够比较任何一对个人A和B需要能够 当A在某些方面的幸福感水平较高时，评估谁的总体幸福感更高- 但B在其他方面的幸福感水平更高。 具体目标1解决量表使用差异：制定和验证比较自我报告水平的方法 幸福的各个方面，如日常生活中的情绪、痛苦和感知能力，跨个人和跨领域 以一种适应反应风格和自我报告偏差的系统性差异的方式对群体进行调整。 具体目标2解决了如何处理比较的问题，当一个人有更高水平的 幸福的方面，而另一个人有更高水平的其他方面的幸福：发展理论 为一种新的个人间可比较的幸福衡量标准奠定了基础，与#年的等值方法一致 福利理论，并适用于经验性地使用多维主观幸福感测量(在 结合具体目标中的刻度使用校正方法1)。 具体目标3涉及数据收集、实证分析和理论，以将这些方法应用于研究 随着时间的推移和生命过程的幸福：更好地理解运动的模式和原因 生活过程中幸福感的不同方面，收集关于自我的两波高度多维的数据 报告的幸福感方面以及对量表使用更正的问题(见具体目标1)，根据一项调查 提供了丰富的补充数据宝库。为经济中的这些措施制定一个理论框架 生命周期行为模型，包括各种活动、投资决策和生活环境。 应用这个框架中的数据来测试关于幸福感决定因素的新的和现有的理论 生命历程，为什么现有研究发现中年幸福感水平在许多方面处于低谷，以及如何 区分幸福中的永久性不平等和暂时性不平等。

RESEARCH PLAN – Summary/Abstract This project develops and applies methods to compare the overall personal well-being of different individuals using answers to survey questions asking respondents to rate many aspects of well-being. Comparing well-being across individuals and groups is a crucial input to many scientific endeavors: (1) using cross-sectional data to study the determinants of well-being or to study changes in well-being over the life course, (2) studying inequality in well-being, which in turn is necessary for aggregating personal well-being into a measure of social welfare, and (3) quantifying the extent of group advantage or disadvantage when nonmarket goods are taken into account. Two key issues arise in comparing overall personal well-being between individuals (or groups): first, different individuals may use the reporting scale differently; second, being able to compare any pair of individuals A and B requires being able to make an assessment of who has higher overall personal well-being when A has a higher level of some aspects of well- being, but B has a higher level of other aspects of well-being. Specific Aim 1 addresses scale-use differences: Develop and validate methods to compare the levels of self-reported aspects of well-being, such as emotions, pain, and perceived capabilities in daily life, across individuals and across groups in a way that adjusts for systematic differences in response styles and self-report biases. Specific Aim 2 addresses the question of how to deal with comparisons when one individual has higher levels of some aspects of well-being, while the other individual has higher levels of other aspects of well-being: Develop the theoretical foundation for a new interpersonally-comparable well-being measure, consistent with the equivalence approach in welfare theory, and adapted to use empirically with multidimensional subjective well-being measures (in conjunction with the scale-use-correction methods in Specific Aim 1). Specific Aim 3 involves data collection, empirical analysis, and theory to apply these methods to studying changes in well-being over time and over the life course: To better understand the patterns of, and reasons for, the movement of different aspects of well-being over the life course, collect two waves of highly multi-dimensional data on self- reported aspects of well-being along with questions for scale-use correction (see Specific Aim 1), on a survey that provides a rich trove of complementary data. Develop a theoretical framework for these measures in an economic model of life-cycle behavior that includes a wide variety of activities, investment decisions, and life circumstances. Apply the data in this framework to test new and existing theories about the determinants of well-being over the life course, why existing research finds a mid-life trough in the levels of many aspects of well-being, and how to distinguish permanent from transitory inequality in well-being.