Creating Peace: community-based youth violence prevention to address racism and discrimination

创造和平：预防社区青少年暴力，解决种族主义和歧视问题

• 批准号: 10376106
• 负责人: Elizabeth Miller
• 金额: $ 12.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-24 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10376106
• 关键词: 19 year old; Absenteeism; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Attitude; Behavior; Black race; Burundi; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Church; Communities; Coping Skills; County; Data; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Economically Deprived Population; Effectiveness; Elements; Employment Opportunities; Evidence based intervention; Exposure to; Female Adolescents; Fostering; Friends; Funding; Gender; Health; Homicide; Hour; Human; Incidence; International; Interpersonal Violence; Intervention; Investments; Justice; Law Enforcement; Law Enforcement Officers; Leadership; Libraries; Life; Male Adolescents; Mental Health; Murder; Neighborhoods; Not Hispanic or Latino; Occupations; Outcome; Participant; Pennsylvania; Performance; Policy Maker; Prevention; Prevention program; Process; Race; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Series; Services; Social Class; Social support; Support Groups; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Trauma; United States; Violence; Work; Youth; adolescent health; aged; arm; base; boys; child protective service; community setting; community violence; comparison intervention; design; effectiveness testing; experience; fighting; gender difference; gender-based violence; girls; gun violence; healing; help-seeking behavior; high school; implicit bias; improved; innovation; interest; leadership development; loved ones; man; minority children; peace; peer; physical assault; poor sleep; prevent; preventive intervention; primary outcome; programs; protective factors; racial and ethnic; racism; recruit; relationship abuse; response; restoration; secondary outcome; sexual identity; sexual relationship; sexual violence; skill acquisition; skills; skills training; sleep quality; social; social disadvantage; social exclusion; substance use; survivorship; urban setting; violence perpetration; violence prevention; violence victimization; weapon carrying; youth violence; youth violence prevention

In response to RFA-MD-18-005, “Youth Violence Prevention Interventions that Incorporate Racism Discrimina- tion Prevention,” this proposed study will examine, via a cluster-randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of a trauma-focused, gender-transformative youth violence prevention program that integrates racism and dis- crimination prevention. In the United States, racial/ethnic minority youth are disproportionately impacted by vio- lence, with higher rates of homicide, physical assaults, and school fights than non-Hispanic Whites, most com- monly within neighborhoods with concentrated social and economic disadvantage and high levels of gun vio- lence. While a growing number of youth violence prevention programs are incorporating structural interventions to address the limited educational and employment opportunities for youth in marginalized neighborhoods, few have directly addressed gender and racial injustice as a modifiable factor in youth violence prevention. The proposed community partnered study will examine the effectiveness of a program for youth violence prevention titled “Creating Peace” (CP). Through 12 sessions (3 hours/session) over 6 to 12 weeks in a group format with activities that explore race, gender, sexual identity, and social class, the program will support participants in healing from experiences of trauma by restoring social connections, challenging gender norms that foster vio- lence perpetration, and practicing positive bystander intervention skills to intervene safely with peers' disre- spectful and harmful behaviors. Youth leadership skills are nurtured in the latter part of the program, where youth will offer guidance to law enforcement officers in a process of social restoration. The study will be in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (PA) across 24 lower-resource neighborhoods, randomized to receive either CP (n=12) or the control intervention (n=12) (job skills development). Partnerships from the Pittsburgh community include Black churches, youth-serving agencies, law enforcement, juvenile justice, child protective services, schools, health department, human services as well as policy makers. At 3 months after the program (Time 2), compared to youth (ages 14-18) in control neighborhoods, youth in CP are expected to demonstrate: greater reduction in recent violence perpetration (primary outcome); fewer number of times carrying a weapon in past 30 days (secondary); increased positive bystander behaviors (secondary); decreased experiences of bias- based discrimination (exploratory) (Aim 1). Surveys at 9 months after end of program will assess whether CP results in sustained improvements in these same outcomes (Time 3; final n = 1440), compared to controls (Aim 2). We will explore whether baseline risk and protective factors (e.g., homicide survivorship, social supports) may interact with the intervention to predict changes in outcomes of interest (i.e., how intervention outcomes may differ across groups) (Aim 3). Finally, we will explore impact of the bias-based discrimination prevention component on law enforcement officers who participate in the restorative practice sessions with youth (Aim 4).

针对RFA-MD-18-005，“包括种族歧视在内的青少年暴力预防干预”