Perovskite-Graphene Energy Integrating Detector for X-Ray Imaging

大约12%的女性在一次乳房X光检查后出现假阳性结果，60%的女性出现假阳性结果 十年一次的乳房X光检查呈阳性--因此需要进行二次筛查。不必要的代价 二次筛查，通常是由于无法区分健康和不健康的组织 期望的精确度，已经被计算为每年40亿美元。提高低曝光率的灵敏度 框架X射线探测器将减少不必要的二次筛查，并改善患者的预后 通过增强的图像质量。 图像质量在很大程度上取决于探测器的传感器对X射线的反应，也就是灵敏度。 灵敏度取决于传感器产生尽可能多的X射线释放载流子的能力 这将有助于图像的信号采集。有时这被称为传感器的 平均电离能或内部增益。直接转换传感器(半导体)，如非晶态 硒(a-Se)，具有低的内部增益-使每帧的曝光量低，如断层合成 在电子设备的噪音之上产生信号是一项挑战。 近年来，有机/无机金属卤化物钙钛矿等新材料因其优异的性能而备受关注。 相当大的X射线阻挡能力，高效的电荷转移特性，以及材料合成的简易性。 此外，石墨烯材料以其光导增益和与之集成的舒适度而闻名 传统的电子平台。Kairos Sensors LLC提出了一种多像素钙钛矿-石墨烯能源 集成探测器用于X射线成像，大大提高了该阶段的灵敏度和低功耗 我求婚了。 Kairos传感器的创新利用了直接从导电材料生长的溶液处理钙钛矿 石墨烯晶格，并在原型单像素钙钛矿-石墨烯器件中显示出超高的灵敏度。 本项目旨在通过优化设计，实现一种高灵敏度的多像素钙钛矿型石墨烯探测器 材料组成和像素尺寸的配置。 第一阶段将集中展示一种极其灵敏的多像素钙钛矿-石墨烯探测器。 第二阶段将专注于更广泛的像素阵列，并拍摄图像，为商业化做准备。

Approximately 12% of women have a false-positive result after one mammogram, and 60% have a false positive after ten yearly mammograms - resulting in the need for secondary screenings. The cost of unnecessary secondary screenings, often due to the inability to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy tissue with the desired accuracy, has been calculated to be $4 billion per year. Increasing the sensitivity of low exposure per frame X-ray detectors will reduce the need for unnecessary secondary screenings and improve patient outcomes via enhanced image quality. Image quality largely depends on the response of the detector's sensor to X-rays, aka sensitivity. Sensitivity is dependent on the sensor's ability to generate as many X-ray liberated charge carriers as possible that will contribute towards the signal acquisition for an image. Sometimes this is referred to as the sensor's average ionization energy or internal gain. Direct conversion sensors (semiconductors), such as amorphous selenium (a-Se), have a low internal gain – making low exposure per frame applications like tomosynthesis challenging to generate signals above the noise of the electronics. Recently, new materials such as organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites have drawn attention for their considerable stopping power of X-rays, efficient charge transfer properties, and ease of material synthesis. Additionally, graphene materials are known for their photoconductive gain and comfort of integration with conventional electronic platforms. Kairos Sensors LLC proposes a multi-pixel perovskite-graphene energy integrating detector for X-ray imaging with vastly improved sensitivity and low power consumption for this Phase I proposal. Kairos Sensors' innovation utilizes solution-processed perovskites grown directly from the conductive graphene lattice and has shown ultra-high sensitivity with prototype single-pixel perovskite-graphene devices. This project aims to achieve a multi-pixel perovskite-graphene detector with high sensitivity via optimized configuration of material composition and pixel dimensions. Phase I will focus on demonstrating an extremely sensitive multi-pixel perovskite-graphene detector. Phase II will focus on a more extensive pixel array and take images in preparation for commercialization.