Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Youth Externalizing Psychopathology from Childhood to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach

项目摘要/摘要 青少年外化精神病理学，如注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)，对立 违抗障碍(ODD)和品行障碍(CD)是高度共病的，并且是相关的 带来了许多负面的结果。更多病因学知识(例如，认知、情感或动机 机制)可以改进干预措施或促进预防。然而，合并症的高比率和 研究个体疾病的热度模糊了症状和潜在症状之间的关系 病因学。虽然对这一问题的认识激发了对共病机制的更多研究，但 现存文学有两个批判性的局限。首先，许多研究隐含地将诊断实体视为 通过在基于组的分析中比较障碍或通过利用单独的因素 每一种紊乱。这些方法通常删除有意义的共同差异，并将诊断视为 单一性，不考虑异质性在共病中的作用(即，障碍内的异质性可能 导致各种疾病的共患率更高)。第二，横断面研究破坏了我们对 从童年到青春期的外化路径是否代表着独特的发展 或者它是否代表了同一疾病实体的不同表现。以人为本 纵向方法，如潜在转变分析，克服了这两个限制。目标1将 建立在三个时间点出现的外化症状的潜在类别以及 不同时点的课程。目标2将检验潜在班级的认知、情绪和动机预测因素 每个时间点的状态以及跨时间点在潜在类别之间转换的概率。 探索性目标3将评估潜在类别与功能损害之间的关联程度。 以检查某些机制是否有助于预测更受损害的成员或过渡到更受损害的成员 上课。影响陈述：这项工作将说明关键机制是如何与外部化相关的 随着时间的推移，无论DSM诊断如何，都会出现症状。这将为更大的病因学铺平道路 理解，告知如何利用病因学知识来完善我们的病因学，并提高风险 身份证明。拟议的奖学金允许申请者在认知方面的基础专业知识基础上再接再厉 研究其他过程，如情绪和动机(培训目标1)；增进她的理解 检查共病的理论和方法途径(培训目标2)； 统计汇编，包括潜伏法和纵向法(培训目标3)。最后，团契将 提供职业发展和道德培训机会(培训目标4)。皮史密斯是一名博士。 佛罗里达国际大学儿童与青少年心理学临床科学专业学生。这个 奖学金旨在为申请者的独立研究生涯做好准备。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Youth externalizing psychopathology, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD), are highly comorbid with one another and are associated with many negative outcomes. Greater knowledge of etiology (e.g., cognitive, emotional, or motivational mechanisms) may improve interventions or facilitate prevention. However, the high rate of comorbidity and the popularity of investigating individual disorders has obscured relationships between symptoms and potential etiologies. While recognition of this problem has inspired more research on mechanisms of comorbidity, the extant literature suffers from two critical limitations. One, many studies implicitly treat diagnostic entities as distinct and independent by comparing disorders in group-based analyses or by utilizing separate factors for each disorder. These approaches often remove meaningful shared variance, and by treating diagnoses as unitary, do not account for the role of heterogeneity in comorbidity (i.e., heterogeneity within disorders may lead to higher comorbidity across disorders). Two, cross-sectional studies undermine our understanding of whether the externalizing pathway from childhood to adolescence represents the development of unique disorders or whether it represents different presentations of the same disease entity. Person-centered longitudinal approaches, such as Latent Transition Analysis, overcome both of these limitations. Aim 1 will establish the latent classes of externalizing symptoms present at three time points and the transitions between classes across time points. Aim 2 will examine cognitive, emotional, and motivational predictors of latent class status at each time point as well as the probability of transitioning between latent classes across time points. Exploratory aim 3 will evaluate the extent to which latent classes are correlated with functional impairments in order to examine if certain mechanisms are useful in predicting membership in, or transitions to, more impaired classes. Impact statement: This work will illustrate how key mechanisms are related to externalizing symptomatology over time, irrespective of DSM diagnosis. This will pave the way for greater etiological understanding, inform how knowledge of etiology can be utilized to refine our nosology, and improve risk identification. The proposed fellowship allows the applicant to build upon her foundational expertise in cognition to investigate other processes, such as emotion and motivation (training goal 1); advance her understanding of the theoretical and methodological approaches to examining comorbidity (training goal 2); and expand her statistical repertoire to include latent and longitudinal approaches (training goal 3). Lastly, the fellowship will provide opportunities for professional development and ethical training (training goal 4). PI Smith is a doctoral student in Clinical Science in Child and Adolescent Psychology at Florida International University. The fellowship is designed to prepare the applicant for an independent research career.