More than the money: how assets and stressors shaped depression across racial/ethnic groups during COVID-19

项目总结 虽然新冠肺炎大流行颠覆了大多数人的日常生活，但 这场大流行及其后果并没有得到同等程度的承担。随着金融危机带来的经济后果 大流行不成比例地落在种族和少数民族以及妇女身上，这是可能的，也很有可能 有权获得资产的群体与没有获得资产的群体之间的心理健康差距正在扩大 资产。在新冠肺炎大流行的情况下，它导致了被称为最不平等的 随着时间的推移，心理健康方面的差距有可能会扩大，特别是对人来说 重叠的边缘化身份，历史上报告了更多的抑郁负担和更少的机会 到资产。我们之前的工作表明，不平等地获得资产，部分是由于历史和 将少数族裔结构性地排除在财富积累之外，可能解释了 不同种族和民族之间的抑郁症。还有几个未知数：(1)应激源和多重因素的影响 新冠肺炎大流行中跨种族/族裔、性别和年龄组的抑郁症资产 这些身份的交集，(2)在以下过程中应激源暴露和抑郁发生率的趋势 新冠肺炎大流行，以及(3)不同级别资产的影响(例如，个人、家庭和 社区)通过群体地位来预防抑郁。这是鲁思·L·基尔施斯坦国家研究中心 服务奖(NRSA)个人博士前奖学金(家长F31)申请建立在初步基础上 调查者进行的、旨在了解压力源和资产对其影响的研究 新冠肺炎大流行期间跨越不同和交叉群体的多个时间点的抑郁。这个 拟议的工作以生态-社会框架为基础，将使用来自两项原始调查的数据，包括(1) 基于概率的、具有全国代表性的纵向样本，在2020年3-4月和12个月内收集 2021年3月至4月晚些时候和(2)2020年11月至2021年4月收集的基于概率的城市样本 包括地理空间数据，便于邻里资源的空间分析。总而言之，这些数据集将允许 评估不同层次的压力源和资产在形成抑郁症风险中的作用 新冠肺炎大流行和随之而来的经济低迷以及抑郁症的差距 由于经济地位的差距越来越大，这一数字有所增长。了解社会和经济环境如何 具有多种身份的交叉点，无论是种族/民族、性别或年龄，都可以为政策和医疗提供信息 应对美国日益增长的精神疾病的干预措施，同时也为以下决策提供信息 今后还将举办其他大型活动，以期缩小精神疾病方面的差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY While the COVID-19 pandemic upended daily life for most people, the economic and mental health effects of the pandemic and its consequences have not been borne equally. With the economic fallout from the pandemic falling disproportionately on racial and ethnic minorities as well as women, it is possible and likely that mental health disparities are widening between the groups with access to assets relative to groups without assets. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to what has been called the most unequal recession in history, it is possible that the gaps in mental health will widen over time, particularly for persons with overlapping marginalized identities that historically reported greater burden of depression and less access to assets. Our previous work shows that unequal access to assets, in part as a result of historical and structural exclusion of racial minorities from wealth accumulation, may explain differences in patterns of depression across racial and ethnic groups. Several unknowns remain: (1) the effects of stressors and multiple assets on depression across race/ethnicity, gender, and age groups across the COVID-19 pandemic and at the intersection of these identities, (2) trends in stressor exposure and depression incidence over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) the influence of assets at different levels (e.g., individual, household, and neighborhood) in protecting against depression by group status. This Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Individual Predoctoral Fellowship (Parent F31) application builds on preliminary research that the investigator has conducted and aims to understand the influence of stressors and assets on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic at multiple timepoints across different and intersecting groups. The proposed work, grounded in an eco-social framework, will use data from two original surveys, including (1) a probability-based, nationally representative, longitudinal sample collected in March-April 2020 and 12-months later in March-April 2021 and (2) a probability-based urban sample collected in November 2020-April 2021 that includes geospatial data facilitating spatial analysis of neighborhood assets. Together, these datasets will allow for assessment of the role of stressors and assets at multiple levels in shaping the risk of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying economic downturn as well as the disparities in depression that have grown due to growing gaps in economic status. Understanding how social and economic contexts intersect with multiple identities, be they racial/ethnic, gender, or age, can inform policy and medical interventions to address the rising mental illness in the U.S. while also informing decision making following other largescale events in the future towards the end of reducing disparities in mental illness.