More than the money: how assets and stressors shaped depression across racial/ethnic groups during COVID-19

项目摘要 虽然COVID-19大流行颠覆了大多数人的日常生活，但 这一流行病及其后果没有得到同等的承受。随着经济衰退的影响， 如果这一流行病不成比例地波及少数种族和族裔以及妇女， 心理健康的差距正在扩大群体之间获得资产相对于群体没有 资产在COVID-19大流行的情况下，这导致了所谓的最不平等 由于历史上的经济衰退，心理健康方面的差距可能会随着时间的推移而扩大，特别是对那些 他们的边缘化身份重叠，历史上报告抑郁症的负担更大， 资产。我们以前的工作表明，获得资产的不平等，部分原因是历史和 少数种族在结构上被排除在财富积累之外，这可能解释了 抑郁症的种族和民族群体。几个未知数仍然存在：（1）压力和多重压力的影响 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间不同种族/民族、性别和年龄组的抑郁症资产， 这些身份的交叉点，（2）在压力暴露和抑郁症发病率的过程中的趋势， COVID-19疫情;及（3）不同层面资产的影响（例如，个人、家庭和 邻里）在预防抑郁症的群体地位。这位露丝·L Kirschstein国家研究 服务奖（NRSA）个人博士前奖学金（父F31）申请建立在初步 研究者进行的旨在了解压力源和资产对 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，不同和交叉群体在多个时间点的抑郁症。的 拟议的工作以生态社会框架为基础，将使用两项原始调查的数据，包括（1）a 2020年3月至4月和12个月内收集的基于概率的全国代表性纵向样本 （2）2020年11月至2021年4月收集的基于概率的城市样本， 包括促进邻域资产的空间分析的地理空间数据。这些数据集将允许 评估压力源和资产在多个层面上塑造抑郁风险的作用， 2019冠状病毒病大流行和随之而来的经济衰退以及抑郁症的差异， 由于经济地位的差距越来越大，了解社会和经济背景 与多重身份交叉，无论是种族/民族，性别或年龄，都可以为政策和医疗提供信息 干预措施，以解决在美国上升的精神疾病，同时也通知决策以下 今后将举办其他大型活动，以缩小精神疾病方面的差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY While the COVID-19 pandemic upended daily life for most people, the economic and mental health effects of the pandemic and its consequences have not been borne equally. With the economic fallout from the pandemic falling disproportionately on racial and ethnic minorities as well as women, it is possible and likely that mental health disparities are widening between the groups with access to assets relative to groups without assets. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to what has been called the most unequal recession in history, it is possible that the gaps in mental health will widen over time, particularly for persons with overlapping marginalized identities that historically reported greater burden of depression and less access to assets. Our previous work shows that unequal access to assets, in part as a result of historical and structural exclusion of racial minorities from wealth accumulation, may explain differences in patterns of depression across racial and ethnic groups. Several unknowns remain: (1) the effects of stressors and multiple assets on depression across race/ethnicity, gender, and age groups across the COVID-19 pandemic and at the intersection of these identities, (2) trends in stressor exposure and depression incidence over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) the influence of assets at different levels (e.g., individual, household, and neighborhood) in protecting against depression by group status. This Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Individual Predoctoral Fellowship (Parent F31) application builds on preliminary research that the investigator has conducted and aims to understand the influence of stressors and assets on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic at multiple timepoints across different and intersecting groups. The proposed work, grounded in an eco-social framework, will use data from two original surveys, including (1) a probability-based, nationally representative, longitudinal sample collected in March-April 2020 and 12-months later in March-April 2021 and (2) a probability-based urban sample collected in November 2020-April 2021 that includes geospatial data facilitating spatial analysis of neighborhood assets. Together, these datasets will allow for assessment of the role of stressors and assets at multiple levels in shaping the risk of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying economic downturn as well as the disparities in depression that have grown due to growing gaps in economic status. Understanding how social and economic contexts intersect with multiple identities, be they racial/ethnic, gender, or age, can inform policy and medical interventions to address the rising mental illness in the U.S. while also informing decision making following other largescale events in the future towards the end of reducing disparities in mental illness.