Youth Empowerment Solutions:ÃÂà Engaging Youth for Anti-Racism And Cultural Equity (YES-ERACE)

摘要 青少年暴力是一个重大的公共卫生问题，超过20%的青少年报告说他们在打架，19%的青少年报告说他们受到欺凌。 有人，16%报告携带武器。种族主义与侵犯和暴力侵害有关， 种族少数群体，并可能从事宣传种族间的不信任，恐惧，敌意和暴力。种族主义的影响 青年暴力既是导致暴力的压力源，也是导致青年人更容易遭受暴力的结构性因素， 社区层面的风险因素。本研究的目的是调整和测试一个以证据为基础的青年暴力 一项针对中学生的预防计划，名为“青年赋权解决方案”， 解决种族主义和种族歧视问题，以此减少暴力行为。是，让青年参与 反种族主义和文化平等（YES-ERACE）将侧重于中学生，因为这是一个 发育期，开始独立于父母，他们对人际关系有自己的想法， 关系是形成性的，当欺凌行为处于顶峰时。增强儿童应对暴力的权能 在这个关键的发展时期，可能使他们能够抵制消极的态度和行为，如种族歧视。 偏见和种族主义。我们将与专家和青年组成的咨询委员会合作， 宽容（TT）课程从南方贫困法律中心（SPLC）到现有的YES课程。我们 将在6所中学的暑期项目中使用分组随机试验设计测试YES-ERACE， 密歇根州杰内塞县。我们将研究课程对个别青少年的 赋权、种族主义行为和暴力行为。我们还将评估课程的修订情况 通过测试具体的模块和从青年和学校工作人员那里获得反馈。最后，我们将研究 剂量和YES-ERACE效应的持续性。我们的具体目标是：1）调整YES课程， 包括教学宽容课程，并研究新的适应和实施过程， 2）测试的YES-ERACE课程的有效性，在一个随机设计的授权 结果，这将介导的影响，是ERACE对犯下的种族主义态度和行为; 3）测试 YES-ERACE课程在预测授权结果的模型上的有效性将起到中介作用 种族主义的犯罪，以及YES-ERACE对侵略性和暴力行为的影响（特别是那些 （4）研究如何通过在一段时间内减少种族主义行为， 接受剂量的影响和变化对AIMS 2和3结果的可持续性。

ABSTRACT Youth violence is a significant public health concern as over 20% report being in a fight, 19% reported bullying someone, and 16% reported weapon carriage. Racism is associated with aggression and violence against racial minorities and may operate to propagate interracial mistrust, fear, hostility, and violence. Racism effects youth violence both as a stressor leading to violence and as a structural factor resulting in more exposure to community-level risk factors. The purpose of this study is to adapt and test an evidence-based youth violence prevention program for middle-school students called Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) to empower youth to address racism and racial discrimination as a way to reduce of violent behavior. YES for Engaging Youth for anti-Racism And Cultural Equity (YES-ERACE) will focus on middle school students because this is a developmental period when independence from parents begin, their own ideas about interpersonal relationships are formative, and when bullying behavior is at its peak. Empowering children to address violence at this critical developmental period may enable them to resist negative attitudes and behaviors, such as racial prejudice and racism. Working with an advisory board of experts and youth, we will integrate the Teaching Tolerance (TT) curriculum from the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) into the existing YES curriculum. We will test YES-ERACE using a group-randomized trial design in summer programs across 6 middle schools in Genesee County, Michigan. We will examine the effects of the curriculum on individual youths' sense of empowerment, racist behaviors, and violent behavior. We will also evaluate the revisions of the curriculum through testing specific modules and obtaining feedback from youth and school staff. Finally, we will examine both dose and sustainability of YES-ERACE effects. Our specific aims are: 1) adapt the YES curriculum to include the Teaching Tolerance curriculum and study the adaptation and implementation process for the new curriculum; 2) test the efficacy of the YES-ERACE curriculum in a randomized design on empowered outcomes which will mediate the effects of YES-ERACE on perpetration of racist attitudes and behavior; 3) test the efficacy of the YES-ERACE curriculum on a model that predicts empowered outcomes will mediate perpetration of racism, and that YES-ERACE effects on aggressive and violent behavior (especially those motivated by racism) will also be mediated by reducing perpetration of racism over time and; 4) study the effects of dose received and sustainability of change on the outcomes from AIMS 2 and 3.