Psychophysiology of childhood stuttering: Cognitive-emotional mechanisms

项目摘要 口吃发生在大约1%的人口中，并会显著影响儿童的社交能力， 情感、教育和职业发展。众多的实证研究和理论观点 都将情绪与儿童口吃的发生和/或发展联系在一起，但 口吃的因果关系中的情绪尚未确定。到目前为止，这些研究表明 口吃儿童(CW)与不口吃儿童(CWN)相比，在情绪上存在差异 性情和对唤醒情境的行为反应。批判性地，性情特征 最近，消极的情绪反应与口吃顽固性风险的增加有关。 然而，该领域目前缺乏可复制的客观标记以及对 情绪导致口吃的可能神经生理学机制。我们知识中的这一鸿沟 代表着一个重要的问题，因为它明显地限制了我们发展与情绪有关的能力 评估口吃发病和持续的风险标记物，并开发创新的诊断/治疗方法。 为了解决这些问题，本申请被设计成：(1)确定情绪相关的皮层 以及口吃风险的自主神经标记物，以及(2)实证检验情绪对认知的影响 控制(抑制、执行)，在语言规划和言语运动控制中使用的过程，可能 易受情绪干扰的。目前提案的中心假设是增加了 情绪反应性干扰早期发育所必需的认知控制过程 流利的演讲语言策划和制作。这些认知的心理生理生物标记物 情绪机制将通过三个具体目标进行测试：(1)测试大脑皮层和自主神经的差异 CWS和CWNS之间的情绪生物标志物，(2)确定情绪唤醒对心理健康的影响 CWS和CWNS的认知控制绩效，以及(3)考察情绪唤醒与认知控制的关系 对CWS口吃频率的认知控制性能。对于所有这三个目标，PI将很好地使用- 在语音语言科学、认知神经科学和心理生理学方面有既定的方法。 这项拟议的研究具有创新性，因为它是第一个系统探索的项目 儿童早期口吃认知-情绪机制的心理生理学生物标记物 多方法并举。拟议的项目意义重大，因为调查结果将显著影响我们的 基于经验的对儿童口吃的理解，并可能导致翻译研究试图 促进和加强对儿童口吃的评估和治疗。例如，生理认知- 情绪标记可能会增加持续性口吃的风险，并可能导致小说的发展 因人而异的治疗方法。因此，拟议的研究支持了NIDCD的使命 通过发现有可能改善口吃者生活的新知识。

Project Summary Stuttering occurs in approximately 1% of the population and can significantly impact children's social, emotional, educational, and vocational development. Numerous empirical studies and theoretical perspectives have linked emotion to the onset and/or the development of childhood stuttering, but the precise role of emotion within the causal nexus of stuttering has yet to be determined. To date, these studies have shown that young children who stutter (CWS), compared to children who do not stutter (CWNS), differ in emotional temperament and behavioral responses to arousing situations. Critically, temperamental characteristics of negative emotional reactivity have recently been linked to an increased risk for stuttering persistence. However, the field currently lacks replicable objective markers as well as a systematic understanding of possible neurophysiologic mechanisms of emotional contributions to stuttering. This gap in our knowledge represents an important problem, because it appreciably restricts our ability to develop emotion-related markers of risk for stuttering onset and persistence and develop innovative diagnostic/therapeutic approaches. To address these issues, the present application is designed to: (1) determine emotion-related cortical and autonomic markers of risk for stuttering, and (2) empirically examine the impact of emotion on cognitive control (inhibition, execution), processes employed in linguistic planning and speech-motor control that may be vulnerable to emotional interference. The present proposal's central hypothesis is that increases in emotion reactivity interfere with cognitive control processes necessary for the early development of fluent speech-language planning and production. The psychophysiological biomarkers of these cognitive- emotion mechanisms will be tested via three specific aims: (1) to test for differences in cortical and autonomic biomarkers of emotion between CWS and CWNS, (2) to determine the impact of emotional arousal on cognitive control performance in CWS and CWNS, and (3) to examine the relation of emotional arousal and cognitive control performance to CWS's stuttering frequency. For all three aims, the PI will employ well- established methods in speech-language science, cognitive neuroscience, and psychophysiology. The proposed study is innovative in that it represents the first project to systematically explore psychophysiological biomarkers of cognitive-emotional mechanisms in early childhood stuttering using a multi-method approach. The proposed project is significant because findings will significantly impact our empirically-based understanding of childhood stuttering, and may lead to translational studies attempting to facilitate and enhance assessment and treatment of childhood stuttering. For example, physiological cognitive- emotional markers may confer risk for persistent stuttering, and may lead to the development of novel treatment approaches tailored to the individual. Thus, the proposed research supports the mission of NIDCD by discovering new knowledge that has the potential to improve the lives of people who stutter.