What Mechanisms Underlie Top-Down Modulation of Human Visual Cortex?

项目摘要/摘要 人脑擅长构建连贯的知觉体验，尽管环境泛滥。 拥有比任何给定时刻都能处理的更多的信息。出于需要，自上而下的认知 注意力和工作记忆等过程在调节我们能做什么和不能做什么方面起着关键作用 察觉。是什么神经计算驱动了这种知觉规则？虽然计算模型已经被 有人提出要解释注意力和工作记忆对视觉加工的影响，但缺乏 在人体上测试这些模型的经验证据。该项目将通过配对计算来弥合这一差距 使用非侵入性神经成像技术进行建模，例如功能磁共振成像(FMRI) 和脑电(EEG)，以研究潜在的注意力，感知和大脑机制 工作记忆。通过使用这些技术来跟踪人类视觉中视觉信息的神经命运 在选择性注意任务中，我们将揭示自上而下过程的具体机制 提高我们的视力。从长远来看，开发一个计算模型将更好地量化顶部- 视觉加工的下调-视觉科学家和基础研究人员调查的信息关键 患者群体中的认知障碍。该项目的目标与NINDS和 大脑倡议，建立创新的多模式神经成像方法来了解大脑机制 这是注意力、知觉和工作记忆的基础，具有指导诊断和治疗的潜力 相关疾病的风险。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The human brain is adept at constructing coherent perceptual experiences, despite an environment overflowing with more information than can be processed at any given moment. Out of necessity, top-down cognitive processes, such as attention and working memory, play a key role in regulating what we can and cannot perceive. What neural computations drive this regulation of perception? While computational models have been proposed to account for the effects of attention and working memory on visual processing, there is a lack of empirical evidence testing these models in humans. This project will bridge this gap by pairing computational modeling with non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the brain mechanisms underlying attention, perception, and working memory. By using these techniques to track the neural fate of visual information across human visual cortex during selective attention tasks, we will reveal the specific mechanisms by which top-down processes improve our ability to see. In the long-term, development of a computational model will better quantify the top- down regulation of visual processing – information key to vision scientists and basic researchers investigating impaired cognition in patient populations. The aims of this project align with the mission of the NINDS and the BRAIN Initiative, building innovative multi-modal neuroimaging approaches to understand the brain mechanisms that underlie attention, perception, and working memory, with potential for guiding the diagnoses and treatment of related disorders.