Residential radon exposure and stroke risk: the REGARDS study

中风仍然是美国死亡和残疾的主要原因。确定要发展的可改变的风险因素 有效的预防是减轻这种疾病负担的最佳策略。种族和地域 几十年来，美国一直在观察中风死亡率的变化。然而，造成这些情况的原因是 目前尚不清楚是否存在差异。氡暴露对人类健康的影响越来越大。 被认可了。氡是一种无色、无臭的放射性气体，由镭的放射性衰变形成-- 226，它通过建筑物底座的裂缝和渗透进入房屋和其他建筑物。 氡已被国际癌症研究机构列为人类肺癌致癌物质 从1988年开始。最近，在美国以外的一些国家进行的一些研究表明，即使在低水平，氡也是 暴露水平，中风的风险。在美国，县级的氡暴露与 心血管和代谢性疾病死亡率上升。这个项目的首要目标是 检查氡暴露和中风风险之间的联系，并调查地理位置 氡浓度的变化与美国中风发生率的分布有关。具体地说，我们将 研究县和家庭层面的氡暴露与缺血性中风风险的关系。在……里面 此外，我们将通过将氡暴露与血压联系起来来探索潜在的机制， 高血压、血脂、止血和炎症生物标志物。氡暴露量正在稳步上升 在现代北美居住环境中。拟议中的研究将是第一个评估氡的研究。 美国普通人群中的暴露和中风风险，包括男性和女性非裔美国人和 高加索人。由于关于氡暴露的随机临床试验是不可行的，这个项目的结果将 提供对美国中风发生率的种族和地理差异的洞察，并可能确定 中风潜在的可改变的危险因素。

Stroke remains a major cause of death and disability in the U.S. Identifying modifiable risk factors to develop effective prevention is the best strategy for reducing the burden of this disease. Racial and geographic variations in stroke mortality has been observed in the U.S. for decades. However, the reasons for these variations are still unclear. The impact of radon exposure in relation to human health has been increasingly recognized. Radon is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas, formed through the radioactive decay of radium- 226, which enters homes, and other buildings, through cracks and penetrations in the building substructure. Radon has been classified as a human lung carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer since 1988. Recently, some studies conducted in countries outside the U.S. have linked radon, even at low levels of exposure, to the risk of stroke. In the U.S., county-level radon exposure has been associated with elevated mortality from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The overarching goal of this project is to examine the association between radon exposure and stroke risk and to investigate whether geographic variation of radon concentration is related to the distribution of stroke rate in the U.S. Specifically, we will examine radon exposure at both county- and household-level in relation to the risk of ischemic stroke. In addition, we will explore the underlying mechanisms by linking radon exposure to blood pressure, hypertension, lipid profile, and hemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers. Radon exposure is rising steadily within the modern North American residential environment. The proposed study will be the first to assess radon exposure and stroke risk in the U.S. general population, including both male and female African Americans and Caucasians. Since randomized clinical trial on radon exposure is not feasible, findings from this project will provide insights into the racial and geographic variations of stroke rate in the U.S. and possibly identify a potential modifiable risk factor for stroke.