IOWA AND MISSOURI RADON LUNG CANCER STUDIES

根据对地下矿工的研究推断出的风险估计， 预测住宅氡子体暴露约占 美国每年有 19,000 人死于肺癌。以前的病例对照 流行病学研究，调查了居住地之间的关系 氡暴露与肺癌，缺乏验证这些风险的能力 估计。氡暴露剂量评估不准确， 代理受访者、病理检查不充分、住宅氡气含量低 浓度导致暴露错误分类并限制了解释 这些研究。爱荷华州氡肺癌第一期研究旨在 克服许多这些限制。第一阶段研究利用先进的氡气 剂量评估、独立组织学审查和研究人群 其特点是地理稳定、活病例比例高，并且 高氡暴露的可能性。第一阶段研究表明，暴露 住宅中的氡气会增加患肺癌的风险。至 完善这些估计，我们现在提出第二阶段研究来检验 住宅氡气产物（子体）暴露与 肺癌的发展。因为氡子体传递实际的辐射 辐射到肺组织，而不是氡气本身，以减少 进一步暴露错误分类，氡剂量估计需要考虑 账户暴露于住宅氡子体。这需要测量实际 空气中的氡子体浓度并整合氡暴露 随着时间的推移，后代。 II期研究将得出更准确的回顾性结果 通过使用新型回顾性氡子体积分来估计氡剂量 玻璃探测器。具体目标 I 检查以下假设：暴露于 住宅中的氡子体与患肺病的风险增加有关 控制混杂因素后的癌症。我们将进行现场校准 以及回顾性氡“玻璃”探测器的实验室验证，以及 通过合并氡子体暴露来分析风险估计，而不是 与暴露于氡气相比。具体目标II将决定形状是否 最能描述两者之间关系的剂量反应曲线 住宅氡子体暴露与肺癌风险呈线性或非线性关系。 具体目标 III 将检查接触氡子体是否会导致 腺癌以及其他肺癌组织学的发展 类型。对于目标 II 和 III，我们将使用暴露估计的汇总分析 源自回顾性氡子体“玻璃”探测器 来自爱荷华州和密苏里州氡气肺癌研究的受试者。汇集 来自相似地理区域的两项大规模流行病学研究之间的数据 爱荷华州和密苏里州地区，将使我们能够增加样本量和统计数据 权力。

Risk estimates, extrapolated from studies of underground miners, predict that residential radon progeny exposure accounts for approximately 19,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States. Previous case-control epidemiologic studies, which examined the relationship between residential radon exposure and lung cancer, lacked the ability to verify these risk estimates. Inaccurate dose assessment of radon exposure, a high percentage of proxy respondents, inadequate pathologic review, and low residential radon concentrations led to exposure misclassification and limited the interpretation of these studies. The Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Phase I study was designed to overcome many of these limitations. The Phase I study utilized advanced radon dose assessments, independent histologic review, and a study population that was characterized by geographic stability, high percentage of live cases, and potential for high radon exposure. The Phase I study demonstrated that exposure to residential radon gas increases the risk of developing lung cancer. To refine these estimates, we now propose Phase II studies that examine the association between residential radon product (progeny) exposure and the development of lung cancer. Because radon progeny deliver the actual radiation dose to the lung tissues, rather than radon gas itself, in order to reduce further the exposure misclassification, radon dose estimates need to take into account exposure to residential radon progeny. This requires measuring actual airborne radon progeny concentrations and integrating the exposure to radon progeny over time. The Phase II study will derive more accurate retrospective radon dose estimates by using a novel retrospective radon progeny integrating glass-based detector. Specific Aim I examines the hypothesis that exposure to residential radon progeny is associated with increased risk of developing lung cancer, after controlling for confounders. We will perform field calibration and laboratory validation of the retrospective radon "glass" detectors, and analyze the risk estimates by incorporating exposures to radon progeny, rather than exposures to radon gas. Specific Aim II will determine whether the shape of the dose response curve that best describes the relationship between residential radon progeny exposure and lung cancer risk is linear or nonlinear. Specific Aim III will examine whether exposure to radon progeny contributes to the development of adenocarcinoma, as well as other lung cancer histologic types. For Aims II and III we will use pooled analyses of exposure estimates that are derived from retrospective radon progeny "glass" detectors for subjects from the Iowa and Missouri Radon Lung Cancer Studies. The pooling of data between two large-scale epidemiologic studies from a similar geographic area, Iowa and Missouri, will allow us to increase sample size and statistical power.