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Placental Mitochondrial Function in Gestational Diabetes

妊娠糖尿病中的胎盘线粒体功能

基本信息

批准号：
10396015
负责人：
LESLIE MYATT
金额：
$ 33.41万
依托单位：
OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-12 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10396015
关键词：
Address Adverse event Affect Antioxidants Apoptosis Body mass index Cell Cycle Complex Congenital Abnormality Data Dependence Development Diabetes Mellitus Dichloroacetate Drug Targeting Elderly Enzymes Event Fatty Acids Feedback Female Fetal Growth Fetal Growth Retardation Fetus Frequencies Functional disorder Future Generations Gestational Age Gestational Diabetes Glucose Glutamine Glycolysis Goals Growth and Development function Hyperlipidemia In Vitro Infant Lipids Maintenance Melatonin Membrane Potentials Metabolic Metabolism Mitochondria Mothers Newborn Infant Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Obesity Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Stress Pathway interactions Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacology Placenta Plasma Pre-Eclampsia Predisposition Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Pregnancy in Diabetics Prevalence Respiration Signal Transduction Steroids Substrate Specificity Superoxides Testing Therapeutic Thinness Tissues Woman Women&apos s Group Work adverse outcome antioxidant enzyme cell growth regulation fatty acid oxidation fetal fetal programming flexibility generation difference improved improved outcome innovation lipidome lipidomics male maternal hyperglycemia maternal obesity metabolome metabolomics mitochondrial dysfunction novel obesity development offspring oxidation prepregnancy prevent programs sexual dimorphism stillbirth trophoblast uptake

项目摘要

Project Summary Obesity (BMI>30) and gestational diabetes (GDM), which are both increasing in frequency, cause more adverse events in pregnancy, including stillbirth, development of type 2 diabetes in later life and importantly they also program the fetus for subsequent development of obesity and diabetes. Currently these adverse outcomes can be reduced but not prevented by treating women with GDM. As the placenta regulates maternal metabolism, fetal growth and development, alterations in its function affects both mother and fetus. Energy to support placental function is generated via glycolysis, β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation using glucose and fatty acids as substrates. Maternal hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia seen with obesity and GDM alter the type/amount of substrates available to the placenta and hence may alter placental metabolism and energy generation. Recently we found that expression of fatty acid transporters and enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids was altered in the placenta of pregnancies with obesity in a sexually dimorphic manner. We also demonstrated that mitochondrial respiration, expression of mitochondrial complexes and generation of ATP are reduced in trophoblast from women with pregnancies complicated by obesity and more so in pregnancies complicated by type A2 GDM (requiring medication) compared to lean controls. This is associated with increased oxidative stress, metabolic inflexibility (cannot use other substrates when glycolysis is inhibited) in obesity, and increased glycolysis with GDM. We have exciting preliminary data that the placenta can also use glutamine for energy generation and that placental fuel dependency between glucose, fatty acids and glutamine is altered with obesity and GDM. Mitochondria which are involved in many placental functions, generate superoxide anion. In many pathophysiologic states, including the placenta with obesity and GDM there is excessive superoxide generation leading to oxidative stress, which can feedback and damage mitochondria in a vicious cycle hence targeted pharmacologic approaches to improve mitochondrial function are being widely promoted. Recently we demonstrated differences in oxidative stress and in antioxidant enzymes in the placenta of obese women, again in a sexually dimorphic manner and have shown that the antioxidant melatonin or the metabolic modulator dichloroacetate (DCA) will improve mitochondrial respiration in trophoblast from obese women. Using maternal and fetal plasma and placental tissue from 8 groups of women (prepregnancy lean or obese, with or without GDM with either a male or a female fetus (n=8 each group) we will test the hypothesis that altered metabolomic and lipid profiles and oxidative stress seen in the placenta with obesity GDM together with altered fatty acid uptake and oxidation leads to decreased oxidative phosphorylation and altered fuel flexibility of mitochondria supporting placental function which can be improved/normalized by novel specific mitochondrial targeting to reduce oxidative stress or to redirect cellular metabolism. This translational work may form the basis for future therapeutic approaches in obesity or GDM.

项目摘要肥胖(BMI&GT；30)和妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的频率都在增加，导致妊娠期间的不良事件，包括死产、在晚年发展为2型糖尿病，以及重要的他们还为胎儿随后发展为肥胖症和糖尿病做好准备。目前这些不利因素治疗妊娠期糖尿病妇女可以减少但不能预防结局。因为胎盘调节母体新陈代谢、胎儿生长发育，其功能的改变对母体和胎儿都有影响。支持胎盘功能的能量是通过糖酵解、β氧化和氧化磷酸化产生的使用葡萄糖和脂肪酸作为底物。母体高血糖和高脂血症与肥胖和妊娠期糖尿病改变胎盘可获得的底物类型/数量，从而可能改变胎盘新陈代谢和能源生产。最近我们发现，脂肪酸转运蛋白和酶的表达参与了性二型肥胖孕妇胎盘中脂肪酸的β氧化改变举止。我们还证明了线粒体呼吸、线粒体复合体的表达和妊娠合并肥胖等患者滋养层细胞中三磷酸腺苷的生成减少因此，在合并A2型妊娠期糖尿病(需要药物治疗)的孕妇中，与瘦身对照组相比。这是与氧化应激增加、代谢不灵活(糖酵解时不能使用其他底物)有关被抑制)，并增加糖酵解与妊娠期糖尿病。我们有令人兴奋的初步数据显示胎盘还可以利用谷氨酰胺产生能量，脂肪酸和谷氨酰胺会随着肥胖和妊娠期糖尿病而改变。与许多胎盘有关的线粒体功能，产生超氧阴离子。在许多病理生理状态中，包括肥胖的胎盘和 GDM有过量的超氧化物生成导致氧化应激，这可以反馈和损害线粒体处于恶性循环中，因此有针对性的药物方法来改善线粒体功能正在得到广泛推广。最近，我们展示了氧化应激和肥胖女性胎盘中的抗氧化物酶，同样是以性别二态的方式出现，并显示出抗氧化剂褪黑素或代谢调节剂二氯乙酸酯(DCA)将改善线粒体肥胖女性滋养层细胞的呼吸。使用8个母体和胎儿的血浆和胎盘组织妇女群体(孕前瘦弱或肥胖，伴或不伴妊娠期糖尿病，胎儿为男性或女性(n=8 每组)我们将测试这样的假设，即改变代谢和脂类以及氧化应激妊娠期糖尿病合并肥胖的胎盘与脂肪酸摄取和氧化改变一起导致减少氧化磷酸化和改变线粒体的燃料灵活性支持胎盘功能，这可能是通过新的特定线粒体靶向改善/正常化以减少氧化应激或重定向细胞新陈代谢。这项翻译工作可能会为未来肥胖或妊娠期糖尿病的治疗方法奠定基础。