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The neural architecture of pragmatic processing

语用处理的神经结构

基本信息

批准号：
10395450
负责人：
Evelina Fedorenko
金额：
$ 39.75万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-05-21 至 2024-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10395450
关键词：
American Architecture Basic Science Behavioral Brain Brain Injuries Brain imaging Cognition Cognitive Communication Communication impairment Coupling Craniocerebral Trauma Development Diagnostic Disease Etiology Failure Foundations Frontotemporal Dementia Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Humor Individual Investigation Knowledge Language Light Linguistics Measures Metaphor Minor Nature Parietal Patients Play Public Health Reproducibility Research Rest Science Short-Term Memory Social Environment Social Network Solid Stimulus Stroke Support System System Testing Tissues Work autism spectrum disorder base clinical practice developmental disease executive function experimental study flexibility frontal lobe hemisphere damage imaging study indexing language comprehension network models neural network neural patterning relating to nervous system response social social cognition social communication stroke-induced aphasia success support network

项目摘要

Language comprehension entails more than simply decoding the literal meaning of an utterance: our interpretation is powerfully shaped by our knowledge of the intent of the speaker, the linguistic and social context, and our general world knowledge. This ability to exploit speaker intent and background knowledge to go beyond the literal meaning of the sentence is referred to as “pragmatics”, and is at the core of communicative success. Pragmatic deficits characterize numerous developmental disorders, like autism spectrum disorders or Social Communication Disorder, and commonly arise in individuals with acquired frontal lobe or right hemisphere damage due to stroke, head injury, or degeneration. Given that successful communication is key to our ability to form personal and professional relationships, it is critical to develop effective diagnostics and treatments for individuals suffering from communication disorders. An understanding of the neural and cognitive mechanisms that underlie pragmatic processing is an essential prerequisite. Using a powerful functional localization approach in fMRI and adhering to the current standards of reproducible and transparent science, we here propose to systematically examine the contributions of three communication-relevant networks – the language network, the social cognition network, and the executive-function network – to pragmatic reasoning, and the interactions among these networks through a synergistic combination of traditional task-based paradigms (Aim 1), naturalistic cognition paradigms (Aims 2 and 3), and dynamic network modeling (Aim 3). In Aim 1, we examine the responses in the language, social, and executive networks to diverse pragmatic phenomena, like humor, metaphor, and white lies. In Aim 2, we examine stimulus-related activity in each of our target networks during the processing of rich naturalistic linguistic materials. And in Aim 3, we use dynamic network modeling to examine the interactions between networks during linguistic processing. This work will profoundly impact both i) basic science, by providing a rich characterization of the relative importance of the key networks, the division of labor among them, and the nature of their interactions, and ii) clinical practice, by providing a solid theoretical framework and a robust empirical foundation for understanding disorders of communication. In summary, this research will shed new critical light on the neural architecture of pragmatic reasoning and lay the foundation for future work aimed at probing the nature of communicative failures in pragmatic disorders of diverse etiologies.

语言理解不仅仅需要解码话语的字面意思：