Evaluation of social policies to reduce intimate partner violence and improve child health in low- and middle-income countries

项目摘要 该方案的长期目标是改善低收入和低收入妇女及其子女的健康和福祉， 中等收入国家（LMICs）通过循证结构性干预措施， 通过K99/R 00独立之路奖提供的培训和指导。的 该奖项提出的研究将评估保护和支持妇女的社会政策对妇女的影响， 减少亲密伴侣暴力，改善5岁以下儿童的健康 年龄在中低收入国家这项研究将填补一个重要的证据空白。IPV预防文献集中于 主要是针对个人、家庭或社区的干预措施，社会政策的效果是 没有被很好地理解。在该奖项的K99部分，PI将接受培训和指导， 哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院的跨学科指导团队， 具有指导早期职业调查员的丰富经验。培训领域将包括儿童健康，包括 将IPV与儿童健康联系起来的潜在途径的概念知识;因果中介分析;以及 计量经济学是评估社会政策的常用方法。该培训将使PI能够 在不同的低收入国家背景下开展三项社会政策评估。第一个项目将评估 在国家一级制定关于改变传染性非传染性疾病和改善儿童健康的预防传染性非传染性非传染性疾病立法。这项工作将 利用来自24个低收入国家的人口和健康调查数据，并与从世界卫生组织收集的政策数据相联系。 银行第二个项目将评估向低收入者，主要是女性提供现金赠款的效果， 在南非，为户主家庭提供了关于5岁以下儿童健康的信息。该项目将执行一个 因果中介分析，正式测试儿童健康的改善是否通过减少 孕产妇IPV相关因素。这项工作将利用南非国民收入统计局的纵向数据。 动力学研究，这是一项基于人口的大型面板调查。第三个项目将评估 在印度实施关于孕产妇感染艾滋病毒相关因素和儿童感染艾滋病毒综合预防立法 健康这项工作将利用来自印度人类发展调查的纵向数据，这是一个庞大的人口调查， 基于小组调查，与从印度法律的倡导团体收集的立法数据相关联。的结果 这些研究将大大增加有关社会政策对降低IPV的影响的知识， 在各种低收入、中等收入国家环境中改善儿童健康。提供的培训、指导和研究 该奖项将帮助PI发展成为一名独立的调查员，评估结构性干预措施， 改善中低收入国家母亲及其子女的健康。这项拟议的研究进一步推动了NICHD的任务 通过调查和预防有害的社会和环境原因， 童年不良事件

Project summary The PI’s long-term objective is to improve the health and well-being of women and their children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through evidence-informed structural interventions, which will be made possible by the training and mentorship provided from the K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award. The research proposed in this award will evaluate the effect of social policies that protect and support women on reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV) and improvements in the health of their children under 5 years of age in LMICs. This research will fill an important evidence gap. The IPV prevention literature has focused primarily on interventions that target individuals, households, or communities, and the effect of social policies is not well understood. During the K99 portion of the award, the PI will receive training and mentorship at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health from a cross-disciplinary mentoring team with substantial experience mentoring early career investigators. Training areas will include child health, including conceptual knowledge of potential pathways linking IPV to child health; causal mediation analysis; and econometrics, which are methods commonly used to evaluate social policies. This training will enable the PI to conduct three social policy evaluations in diverse LMIC settings. The first project will evaluate adoption of national-level IPV prevention legislation on changes in IPV and improvements in child health. This work will utilize Demographic and Health Survey data from 24 LMICs, linked with policy data collected from the World Bank. The second project will evaluate the effect of availability of a cash grant for low-income, primarily female- headed households in South Africa, on the health of children under 5 years of age. The project will perform a causal mediation analysis to formally test if improvements in child health are mediated through reductions in maternal IPV-related factors. This work will utilize longitudinal data from the South Africa National Income Dynamics Study, which is a large population-based panel survey. The third project will evaluate the degree of implementation of comprehensive IPV-prevention legislation in India on maternal IPV-related factors and child health. This work will utilize longitudinal data from the India Human Development Survey, a large population- based panel survey, linked with legislative data collected from an Indian legal advocacy group. The results of these studies will substantially increase knowledge about the effect of social policies on reducing IPV and improving child health across a wide range of LMIC settings. The training, mentorship, and research afforded by this award will help the PI develop into an independent investigator who evaluates structural interventions to improve the health of mothers and their children in LMICs. This proposed research furthers NICHD’s mandate of improving child health by investigating and preventing harmful social and environmental causes, including adverse childhood events.