Transdisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Disparities in Preterm Birth and Improve Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

跨学科研究培训，以减少早产差异并改善孕产妇和新生儿结局

• 批准号: 10400055
• 负责人: MIRIAM KUPPERMANN
• 金额: $ 42.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10400055
• 关键词: Outcome; Premature Birth; Research Training; disparity reduction; improved; neonatal outcome

PROJECT SUMMARY Fifteen million babies are born preterm each year, of whom one million die within their first 28 days of life, making preterm birth the leading cause of death in neonates, infants and children under age 5. Moreover, premature infants who do survive often have lifelong physical disability and cognitive impairment. In the US, Black women are 1.5 times more likely to deliver preterm than women from other racial/ethnic groups. Nonetheless, despite years of research, little progress has been made in reducing preterm birth rates, and disparities are increasing. In view of these critical public health issues, the Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch at NICHD has included preterm birth and its consequences, perinatal health disparities, global perinatal health and elimination of neonatal pain among its 7 priority topics. The overarching goal of “Transdisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Disparities in Preterm Birth and Improve Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes” is to train a cadre of investigators from a wide range of clinical specialties, scientific disciplines, and lived experiences who will be poised to engage in rigorous, transdisciplinary, collaborative efforts to 1) identify and elucidate the mechanisms by which biomedical, psychosocial, interpersonal and institutional factors increase the risk for preterm birth and associated adverse outcomes for infants, mothers, and families locally and globally; 2) develop, test and implement interventions to reduce the rate of preterm birth and associated adverse outcomes; and 3) eliminate disparities in preterm birth and adverse outcomes in this country. In 2014, with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Marc and Lynne Benioff, UCSF established the Preterm Birth Initiative, an innovative, health-equity focused, transdisciplinary research program that takes a cell-to-society and life course approach to reduce the local and global burden of preterm birth. As part of that initiative, a pilot postdoctoral fellowship program was launched to train the next generation of scholars to tackle the vexing preterm birth epidemic in the US and globally. Nine fellows representing varied clinical specialties (obstetrics, neonatology, pediatric neurology and midwifery) and scientific disciplines (biology, anatomy, public health, psychology, sociology and epidemiology) have enrolled, and all of the graduates have gone on to faculty positions, primarily with funding from NIH K-level awards. The specific aim for this proposal is to build on the success of the pilot fellowship program and ensure its sustainability. We will recruit 12 postdoctoral fellows (3 per year for 4 years, with a balance of MDs and PhDs) and provide them with the resources and mentorship they need to develop into independently funded scientists working collaboratively to change the course on preterm birth. Fellows will work with mentorship teams to design and implement research projects and engage in weekly didactic activities to further their skills and experience in conducting transdisciplinary research. Program components will also include advanced courses in research methods and ethics, seminars and grand rounds, peer review activities, and paper/grant writing.

项目总结 每年有1500万名婴儿早产，其中100万人在出生后28天内死亡， 使早产成为新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。此外， 存活下来的早产儿通常会终身身体残疾和认知障碍。在美国， 黑人女性早产的可能性是其他种族/民族女性的1.5倍。 尽管如此，尽管进行了多年的研究，但在降低早产率方面进展甚微， 差距正在扩大。鉴于这些严重的公共卫生问题，妊娠和围产期处 NICHD包括早产及其后果、围产期健康差距、全球围产期健康 和消除新生儿疼痛是其7个优先议题之一。“跨学科”的总体目标 旨在减少早产差异和改善孕产妇和新生儿结局的研究培训“是 培养了一支来自广泛的临床专业、科学学科和生活的研究队伍 具备从事严谨、跨学科、协作工作的经验：1)确定和 阐明生物医学、心理社会、人际关系和体制因素增加的机制 婴儿、母亲和当地家庭的早产风险和相关不良后果 全球；2)制定、测试和实施干预措施，以降低早产率和相关的 不良后果；以及3)消除美国早产和不良后果之间的差异。 2014年，在比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会以及加州大学旧金山分校马克和琳恩·贝尼奥夫的资助下 建立了早产倡议，这是一项创新的、关注健康平等的跨学科研究 采取从细胞到社会和生命过程的方法来减轻当地和全球早产负担的计划 出生。作为该倡议的一部分，启动了一项试点博士后研究金方案，以培训下一代 学者们致力于解决美国乃至全球令人烦恼的早产问题。九名研究员，代表不同的 临床专业(产科、新生儿学、儿科神经学和助产学)和科学学科 (生物学、解剖学、公共卫生、心理学、社会学和流行病学)已入学，所有 毕业生已进入教职岗位，资金主要来自NIH K-Level奖学金。 这项提议的具体目的是在试点奖学金方案的成功基础上再接再厉，并确保其 可持续发展。我们将招聘12名博士后研究员(为期4年，每年3名，博士和博士平衡) 并为他们提供所需的资源和指导，让他们成长为独立资助的科学家 共同努力改变早产的进程。研究员将与导师团队合作，以 设计和实施研究项目，并参加每周的教学活动，以提高他们的技能和 具有进行跨学科研究的经验。课程内容还将包括高级课程 在研究方法和伦理、研讨会和大型轮回、同行评议活动以及论文/赠款撰写方面。