Transdisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Disparities in Preterm Birth and Improve Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

跨学科研究培训，以减少早产差异并改善孕产妇和新生儿结局

• 批准号: 9921460
• 负责人: MIRIAM KUPPERMANN
• 金额: $ 31.97万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9921460
• 关键词: Outcome; Premature Birth; Research Training; disparity reduction; improved; neonatal outcome

PROJECT SUMMARY Fifteen million babies are born preterm each year, of whom one million die within their first 28 days of life, making preterm birth the leading cause of death in neonates, infants and children under age 5. Moreover, premature infants who do survive often have lifelong physical disability and cognitive impairment. In the US, Black women are 1.5 times more likely to deliver preterm than women from other racial/ethnic groups. Nonetheless, despite years of research, little progress has been made in reducing preterm birth rates, and disparities are increasing. In view of these critical public health issues, the Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch at NICHD has included preterm birth and its consequences, perinatal health disparities, global perinatal health and elimination of neonatal pain among its 7 priority topics. The overarching goal of “Transdisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Disparities in Preterm Birth and Improve Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes” is to train a cadre of investigators from a wide range of clinical specialties, scientific disciplines, and lived experiences who will be poised to engage in rigorous, transdisciplinary, collaborative efforts to 1) identify and elucidate the mechanisms by which biomedical, psychosocial, interpersonal and institutional factors increase the risk for preterm birth and associated adverse outcomes for infants, mothers, and families locally and globally; 2) develop, test and implement interventions to reduce the rate of preterm birth and associated adverse outcomes; and 3) eliminate disparities in preterm birth and adverse outcomes in this country. In 2014, with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Marc and Lynne Benioff, UCSF established the Preterm Birth Initiative, an innovative, health-equity focused, transdisciplinary research program that takes a cell-to-society and life course approach to reduce the local and global burden of preterm birth. As part of that initiative, a pilot postdoctoral fellowship program was launched to train the next generation of scholars to tackle the vexing preterm birth epidemic in the US and globally. Nine fellows representing varied clinical specialties (obstetrics, neonatology, pediatric neurology and midwifery) and scientific disciplines (biology, anatomy, public health, psychology, sociology and epidemiology) have enrolled, and all of the graduates have gone on to faculty positions, primarily with funding from NIH K-level awards. The specific aim for this proposal is to build on the success of the pilot fellowship program and ensure its sustainability. We will recruit 12 postdoctoral fellows (3 per year for 4 years, with a balance of MDs and PhDs) and provide them with the resources and mentorship they need to develop into independently funded scientists working collaboratively to change the course on preterm birth. Fellows will work with mentorship teams to design and implement research projects and engage in weekly didactic activities to further their skills and experience in conducting transdisciplinary research. Program components will also include advanced courses in research methods and ethics, seminars and grand rounds, peer review activities, and paper/grant writing.

项目概要 每年有 1500 万婴儿早产，其中 100 万婴儿在出生后 28 天内死亡， 使早产成为新生儿、婴儿和 5 岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。此外， 存活下来的早产儿往往会出现终生的身体残疾和认知障碍。在美国， 黑人女性早产的可能性是其他种族/族裔群体女性的 1.5 倍。 尽管如此，尽管进行了多年的研究，但在降低早产率方面进展甚微，而且 差距正在扩大。鉴于这些重要的公共卫生问题，妊娠和围产期科 NICHD 的研究内容包括早产及其后果、围产期健康差异、全球围产期健康 消除新生儿疼痛是其 7 个优先主题之一。 “跨学科 “减少早产差异并改善孕产妇和新生儿结局的研究培训”旨在 培训一支由来自广泛的临床专业、科学学科和生活领域的研究人员组成的骨干队伍 有经验的人将准备好参与严格的、跨学科的、协作的努力，以 1) 识别和 阐明生物医学、心理社会、人际关系和制度因素增加的机制 当地婴儿、母亲和家庭的早产风险和相关不良后果 全球； 2) 制定、测试和实施干预措施以降低早产率及相关 不良后果； 3) 消除该国早产和不良后果方面的差异。 2014 年，在比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会以及 Marc 和 Lynne Benioff 的资助下，加州大学旧金山分校 建立了早产倡议，这是一项创新的、以健康公平为重点的跨学科研究 该计划采用从细胞到社会和生命全程的方法来减少当地和全球的早产负担 出生。作为该计划的一部分，启动了一项试点博士后奖学金计划，以培训下一代 众多学者致力于解决美国和全球令人烦恼的早产流行问题。九位代表不同 临床专业（产科、新生儿科、小儿神经科和助产科）和科学学科 （生物学、解剖学、公共卫生、心理学、社会学和流行病学）已注册，并且所有 毕业生主要获得 NIH K 级奖项的资助，继续担任教职。 该提案的具体目标是在试点研究金计划的成功基础上再接再厉，并确保其 可持续性。我们将招募12名博士后（每年3名，为期4年，其中MD和PhD之间保持平衡） 并为他们提供发展成为独立资助的科学家所需的资源和指导 共同努力改变早产的进程。研究员将与导师团队合作 设计和实施研究项目并参与每周的教学活动以提高他们的技能和 进行跨学科研究的经验。计划组成部分还将包括高级课程 研究方法和伦理、研讨会和大型回合、同行评审活动以及论文/资助金写作。