A Longitudinal Study of Employment and Educational Instability for Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

患有自闭症谱系障碍的年轻人就业和教育不稳定的纵向研究

• 批准号: 10400892
• 负责人: Leann Smith DaWalt
• 金额: $ 76.63万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10400892
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Characteristics; Climate; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Data Sources; Diagnostic; Education; Educational Activities; Employment; Enrollment; Environment; Evaluation; Evidence based intervention; Family; General Population; Heterogeneity; Hour; Income; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Job Satisfaction; Knowledge; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; National Longitudinal Survey of Youth; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Occupations; Parents; Phenotype; Positioning Attribute; Predictive Factor; Productivity; Psychopathology; Public Health; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Research; Sample Size; Sampling; Services; Severities; Social support; Societies; Specificity; Strategic Planning; Testing; Time; Transcript; Translating; Wages; Work; autism spectrum disorder; college; community-level factor; design; experience; high school; individuals with autism spectrum disorder; informal support; informant; innovation; intervention program; life time cost; novel; professional atmosphere; programs; prospective; recruit; response; sex; success; therapy development; young adult; young adult with autism spectrum disorder

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Difficulties in employment and postsecondary education (PSE) among young adults with ASD (YA-ASD) are nearly universal. In response, interventions have been developed that target obtaining a job or gaining admittance to a PSE program. However, our preliminary research suggests that maintaining a job or PSE enrollment is more difficult than obtaining those positions in the first place, and the predictors of keeping a job (e.g., family climate, community size) are different than those associated with starting a job (e.g., autism severity, IQ). These studies suggest the need for new interventions focused on maintaining employment or PSE. Further, vocational instability (e.g., losing a job) is a significant predictor of poor mental health in the general population, and might be responsible, at least in part, for the very high rates of co-occurring psychopathology among YA-ASD. The objective of the proposed research is to lay the groundwork for novel interventions to promote sustained employment/educational participation, by prospectively examining predictors and potential consequences of postsecondary employment and educational instability (i.e., loss of/change in employment or educational position that is not reflective of upward mobility) for YA-ASD. To accomplish this objective, we will collect prospective longitudinal data from 200 YA-ASD and their parents at 7 times over a 3-year period. We will recruit young adults who have exited high school, between the ages of 18 and 26, who have an IQ score of 70 or above. We will use multiple informants (self, parent) and multiple methods (interviews, questionnaires, permanent products, diagnostic evaluations) to measure individual, family, and community factors, and employment/educational instability during the transition years. We propose four Aims: 1) To determine rates of instability in postsecondary employment/education over a 3-year period, and differentiate instability from upward mobility as experienced by YA-ASD: 2) To examine individual, family, and community factors that predict postsecondary employment/educational activities at the first wave of data collection, and instability in these activities over a 3-year period: 3) To examine bidirectional effects of employment/educational instability and changes in autism severity, mental health, adaptive behavior, and quality of life for YA-ASD: and 4) Using well-validated measures new to ASD research along with open-ended questions and permanent products, we will explore specific aspects of work/PSE activities and environment (job characteristics and experiences, job satisfaction, workplace environment, supports) associated with stability/instability. This study is responsive to the 2016-17 Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee Strategic Plan by using a longitudinal prospective design and collecting data with enough specificity to inform targeted interventions. The project will have high public health impact by providing new knowledge that can be translated rapidly into novel interventions to support YA-ASD in maintaining employment/educational positions.

项目摘要/摘要 患有ASD的年轻人（YA-ASD）的就业和高等教育（PSE）的困难是 几乎是通用。作为回应，已经开发了针对获得工作或获得目标的干预措施 获得PSE计划。但是，我们的初步研究表明维护工作或PSE 首先要获得这些职位比保留工作的预测因素要困难得多 （例如，家庭气氛，社区规模）不同于与开始工作相关的人（例如自闭症 严重性，智商）。这些研究表明需要采取新的干预措施，以维持就业或 PSE。此外，职业不稳定性（例如，失业）是对心理健康不良的重要预测指标 一般人口，至少部分是由于同时发生的很高的责任 YA-ASD中的心理病理学。拟议研究的目的是为新颖 通过前瞻性检查，采取干预措施，以促进持续的就业/教育参与 高等教育和教育不稳定的预测因素和潜在后果（即损失 YA-ASD的就业或教育地位的变化/教育地位不反映向上流动性。到 实现这一目标，我们将从200 Ya-ASD及其父母7点收集潜在的纵向数据 在3年的时间内。我们将招募已离开高中的年轻人，年龄在18岁之间 26，智商得分为70或以上。我们将使用多个线人（自我，父母）和多个 方法（访谈，问卷，永久产品，诊断评估），以衡量个体， 在过渡时期，家庭和社区因素以及就业/教育不稳定。我们建议 四个目的：1）确定在三年内，高等职业/教育的不稳定率， 并区分YA-ASD所经历的不稳定与向上流动性：2）检查个人，家庭， 和社区因素，这些因素可以预测第一波数据浪潮中的高等雇用/教育活动 收集和在这些活动中的不稳定时间：3）检查的双向效应 就业/教育不稳定以及自闭症严重程度，心理健康，适应性行为以及 YA-ASD的生活质量：和4）使用ASD研究的新措施以及开放式的措施 问题和永久性产品，我们将探索工作/PSE活动和环境的特定方面 （工作特征和经验，工作满意度，工作场所环境，支持） 稳定/不稳定。这项研究对2016 - 17年机构间自闭症协调委员会有回应 通过使用纵向前瞻性设计并以足够特异性收集数据，以告知战略计划 有针对性的干预措施。该项目将通过提供新知识来产生巨大的公共卫生影响 迅速转化为新的干预措施，以支持YA-ASD维持就业/教育职位。