Primate-specific miRNAs in Embryonic and Placental Development

项目摘要 胎盘病理起源于早期胎盘发育不良，其特征是浅表侵袭 滋养层细胞，也与灵长类特有的miRNAs的异常表达有关 19号染色体miRNA簇(C19MC)。C19MC miRNAs被认为在滋养层侵袭和 然而，它们在灵长类胚胎和早期胎盘发育中的作用(S)还没有明确的定义。我 假设C19MC miRNAs将在滋养外胚层谱系中具有灵长类特有的作用 以及灵长类胎盘的早期发育。我的建议的总体目标是确定 这些miRNAs在灵长类滋养层细胞谱系特征和恒河猴胎盘发育中的作用 模型，并揭示了在灵长类胎盘形成中受miRNAs调控的基因网络。为了实现这个目标，我建议 三个具体目标。 具体目标1(K99阶段)。研究miRNAs在灵长类动物胚胎和滋养层干细胞中的表达 细胞(TSC)。这一目标将在胚胎发育期间通过指定 滋养外胚层谱系，并确定这些miRNAs是否在特定阶段或特定细胞类型中表达 举止。 具体目标2(K99阶段)。确定C19MC成员在TSC中的功能作用(S)和分化 滋养层功能。本实验将在TSC中直接过表达C19MC miRNA成员以鉴定基因 以及受这些miRNAs调控的途径，评估它们的功能角色。 具体目标3(R00阶段)。利用基因组编辑策略干扰C19MC的表达以评估 C19MC miRNA异常表达对胚胎发育和灵长类胎盘的影响这一目标 将1)抑制和过度表达C19MC簇和单个C19MC miRNAs在TSC中的表达，2) 将C19MC基因组编辑应用于胚胎以评估簇表达在灵长类植入前的作用 胚胎发育，3)确定胚胎基因组编辑对滋养外胚层功能和 体外植入培养模型中的分化。 我最近用Okae等人描述的方法开发了猕猴TSCs。(2018)，并有经验 用恒河猴体外受精获得胚胎，用于基因组编辑和体外植入实验。TSC与胚胎 这些资源将用于确定胚胎发育和滋养层细胞中miRNA和mrna的表达。 在早期胎盘形成中，可以确定血统规范以及确定miRNA调控的基因网络。总体而言， 拟议的研究将建立对miRNA表达和miRNA靶基因调控的基本理解 在胚胎到胎盘的过渡过程中。最终，我们设想非人灵长类动物模型将允许我们 将这些方法扩展到将编辑后的胚胎移植到受体大坝，并开发体内策略来 直接靶向胎盘以改变miRNA的表达，用于实验和治疗目的。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Placental pathologies stem from poor early placental development characterized by shallow invasion of trophoblasts, and are also associated with aberrant expression of miRNAs belonging to the primate-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC). C19MC miRNAs are thought to have roles in trophoblast invasion and migration, however, their role(s) in primate embryonic and early placental development is not well-defined. I hypothesize that C19MC miRNAs will have primate-specific roles in trophectoderm lineage specification and early development of the primate placenta. The overall objective of my proposal is to determine the role of these miRNAs in primate trophoblast lineage specification and placental development in a rhesus macaque model, and reveal gene networks regulated by miRNAs in primate placentation. Towards this objective, I propose three Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1 (K99-phase). To define the expression of miRNAs in the primate embryo and trophoblast stem cells (TSC). This aim will establish the miRNA signature during embryo development through specification of the trophectoderm lineage and determine whether these miRNAs are expressed in a stage- or cell-type-specific manner. Specific Aim 2 (K99-phase). To determine the functional role(s) of C19MC members in TSC and differentiated trophoblast function. This experiment will directly overexpress C19MC miRNA members in TSC to identify genes and pathways regulated by these miRNAs, assessing their functional roles. Specific Aim 3 (R00-phase). To use genome editing strategies to perturb C19MC expression to evaluate the impact of aberrant C19MC miRNA expression on embryo development and primate placentation. This Aim will 1) repress and overexpress C19MC cluster and individual C19MC miRNAs expression in TSCs, 2) apply C19MC genome editing to embryos to evaluate the role of cluster expression on primate preimplantation embryo development, and 3) determine the impact of embryonic genome editing on trophectoderm function and differentiation in an in vitro implantation culture model. I have recently developed macaque TSCs with methods described by Okae et al. (2018), and have experience with rhesus IVF to derive embryos for genome editing and in vitro implantation experiments. TSC and embryo resources will be used to define miRNA and mRNA expression during embryo development and trophoblast lineage specification as well as identify miRNA-regulated gene networks in early placentation. Overall, the proposed research will establish a basic understanding of miRNA expression and miRNA target gene regulation in the embryo to placenta transition. Ultimately, we envision that the nonhuman primate model will allow us to extend these approaches to transfer of edited embryos to recipient dams, and to develop in vivo strategies to directly target the placenta for modification of miRNA expression for experimental and therapeutic purposes.