Administrative Supplement: Stable isotope biomarker for added sugar intake and sweet taste phenotypes in mother-child dyads

项目总结：摘要 观察证据表明，过量的添加糖摄入与肥胖、糖尿病和糖尿病等疾病有关。 心脏病;因此，减少添加糖摄入量的战略是一个明确的公共卫生优先事项。以确定是否 一个人摄入过多的添加糖，通常使用饮食回忆;虽然他们是黄金 作为膳食评估的标准，它们受到挑战。需要采取客观的饮食摄入措施 调查摄入量、行为和健康结果之间的关联。此前的研究表明， 头发中碳13相对于碳12 [13 C]是一种生物标志物，反映了自由生活中添加糖的摄入量 从玉米和甘蔗中提取。然而，需要对更多种族/民族多样化的人群进行研究， 包括6岁以下的儿童，并有足够的能力分析 孩子的性别。报告显示，母亲在食物，特别是糖果方面的育儿做法各不相同 儿子和女儿之间的差异，这反过来又可能导致添加糖摄入量的差异。十字架- 一项横断面研究将首次确定3至7岁的不同种族人群中的β 13 C变化， 年长的男孩和女孩在他们的母亲的背景下-照顾者不仅提供食物，而且还教 儿童在家中甜食的社会和文化意义。我们将采取多管齐下的，严格的 一种方法，（a）将儿童的性别作为一个生物变量，（B）使用最先进的饮食评估 和分析措施的专业知识博士级注册营养师，以确定添加糖的摄入量 和饮食，以及（c）使用经验证的方法来评估甜味表型（例如，甜度最高 喜欢吃甜的食物）。通过对母亲和孩子进行表型分析，我们将确定摄入量的变化 二分体内和二分体之间;饮食、甜味表型和β 13 C之间的一致性水平;以及 这些因素是否因儿童的性别而异。拟议的研究将为我提供所需的培训 在人类心理物理味觉测试程序、饮食生物标志物评估、实验方法和 设计，和化学感觉的个体发育的科学基础，并建立所需的基础， 过渡到一个独立的科学家进行跨学科的工作，在化学感官和营养 与防治荒漠化全国机构间对话所的使命有关。

PROJECT SUMMARY: ABSTRACT Observational evidence has linked excessive added sugar intake with diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease; thus, strategies to reduce added sugar intake are a clear public health priority. To determine if an individual is consuming too much added sugar, dietary recall is typically used; while they are the gold standard for dietary assessment, they are subject to challenges. Objective dietary intake measures are needed to investigate associations among intake, behaviors, and health outcomes. Prior research indicates that carbon-13 relative to carbon-12 [13C] in hair is a biomarker that reflects free-living intake of added sugar derived from corn and cane. However, studies are needed with more racially/ethnically diverse populations that include children younger than 6 years of age and that are sufficiently powered to analyze the influence of the sex of the child. Reports suggest maternal parenting practices surrounding foods, especially sweets, vary between sons and daughters, which in turn could contribute to differences in added sugar intake. This cross- sectional study will determine for the first time variation in 13C among a racially diverse group of 3- to 7-year- old boys and girls in the context of their mothers—the caregivers who not only provide the foods but also teach children the social and cultural meaning of sweet foods in the home. We will take a multipronged, rigorous approach that (a) incorporates children’s sex as a biological variable, (b) uses state-of-the-art diet assessment and analysis measures with the expertise of PhD-level Registered Dietitians to determine added sugar intake and diet, and (c) uses validated methods to assess sweet taste phenotypes (e.g., level of sweetness most preferred, sweet food liking). By phenotyping both mothers and their children, we will determine intake variation both within and between dyads; the level of concordance among diet, sweet taste phenotypes, and 13C; and whether these factors differ by the sex of the child. The proposed study will provide me with the needed training in human psychophysical taste testing procedures, dietary biomarker assessment, experimental method and design, and scientific underpinnings of ontogeny of chemical senses, and build the foundation needed to transition to an independent scientist conducting inter-disciplinary work in the chemical senses and nutrition relevant to the mission of the NIDCD.