Administrative Supplement: Stable isotope biomarker for added sugar intake and sweet taste phenotypes in mother-child dyads

项目摘要：摘要 观察证据表明，过量摄入添加糖与肥胖、糖尿病和其他疾病有关 因此，减少添加糖摄入量的战略显然是公共卫生的优先事项。要确定是否 一个人摄入了太多的添加糖，通常使用饮食召回；而他们是黄金 作为饮食评估的标准，他们受到了挑战。需要采取客观的膳食摄入量措施 调查摄入量、行为和健康结果之间的关系。先前的研究表明， 头发中碳-13相对于碳-12[13C]是反映自由生活中添加糖摄入量的生物标志物 从玉米和甘蔗中提取。然而，需要对更多种族/民族多样化的人口进行研究 包括6岁以下的儿童，他们有足够的能力分析 孩子的性别。报告显示，母亲对食物，尤其是甜食的养育方式各不相同 儿子和女儿之间的差异，这反过来可能导致添加糖摄入量的差异。这个十字架- 这项分区研究将首次确定13C在3至7岁不同种族人群中的变异。 老男孩和女孩在他们的母亲的背景下--不仅提供食物而且还教育的照顾者 孩子们理解家庭中甜食的社会和文化意义。我们将多管齐下，严谨 (A)将儿童性别作为生物变量纳入其中，(B)使用最先进的饮食评估 并利用博士水平注册营养师的专业知识进行分析，以确定添加的糖摄入量 和饮食，以及(C)使用经过验证的方法来评估甜味表型(例如，最甜的水平 喜欢甜食)。通过对母亲和她们的孩子进行表型分析，我们将确定摄入量的变异。 饮食、甜味表型和13C之间的一致性水平； 这些因素是否因孩子的性别不同而不同。拟议的研究将为我提供所需的培训 在人类心理物理味觉测试程序中，饮食生物标记物的评估，实验方法和 设计和化学感官个体发生的科学基础，并建立所需的基础 过渡到独立科学家，从事化学感官和营养方面的跨学科工作 与NIDCD的使命相关。

PROJECT SUMMARY: ABSTRACT Observational evidence has linked excessive added sugar intake with diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease; thus, strategies to reduce added sugar intake are a clear public health priority. To determine if an individual is consuming too much added sugar, dietary recall is typically used; while they are the gold standard for dietary assessment, they are subject to challenges. Objective dietary intake measures are needed to investigate associations among intake, behaviors, and health outcomes. Prior research indicates that carbon-13 relative to carbon-12 [13C] in hair is a biomarker that reflects free-living intake of added sugar derived from corn and cane. However, studies are needed with more racially/ethnically diverse populations that include children younger than 6 years of age and that are sufficiently powered to analyze the influence of the sex of the child. Reports suggest maternal parenting practices surrounding foods, especially sweets, vary between sons and daughters, which in turn could contribute to differences in added sugar intake. This cross- sectional study will determine for the first time variation in 13C among a racially diverse group of 3- to 7-year- old boys and girls in the context of their mothers—the caregivers who not only provide the foods but also teach children the social and cultural meaning of sweet foods in the home. We will take a multipronged, rigorous approach that (a) incorporates children’s sex as a biological variable, (b) uses state-of-the-art diet assessment and analysis measures with the expertise of PhD-level Registered Dietitians to determine added sugar intake and diet, and (c) uses validated methods to assess sweet taste phenotypes (e.g., level of sweetness most preferred, sweet food liking). By phenotyping both mothers and their children, we will determine intake variation both within and between dyads; the level of concordance among diet, sweet taste phenotypes, and 13C; and whether these factors differ by the sex of the child. The proposed study will provide me with the needed training in human psychophysical taste testing procedures, dietary biomarker assessment, experimental method and design, and scientific underpinnings of ontogeny of chemical senses, and build the foundation needed to transition to an independent scientist conducting inter-disciplinary work in the chemical senses and nutrition relevant to the mission of the NIDCD.