Connect through PLAY: A staff-based physical activity intervention for middle school youth

抽象的。虽然课外活动（ASP）已被公认为促进 青年体育活动（PA），广泛覆盖服务不足的社区，PI和其他人的研究 表示，ASP继续努力，以满足日常青年PA的政策指导方针。此外，尽管 尽管美国青少年肥胖率持续上升，但很少有ASP干预措施 对未得到充分服务的青少年的影响有限，对青少年的持续行为改变没有影响。先前 PI的ASP研究表明，在以前的干预措施中被忽视的社会机制（例如， 通过PA与同事和员工建立友谊和联系;团体归属感，包括积极的同事 PA规范和有形的支持）是青年PA的关键预测因素。研究小组最近完成了一项 可行性试验（NIH R21 HD 077357），6个ASP（3个干预与3个标准-健康课程对照） 对于服务不足的中学青年，这是迄今为止第一次干预，以解决这些青年PA社会 目标/机制。调查结果显示，改变员工行为，改善青年PA社会 支持和与同行和工作人员的联系，并增加青年PA。拟议的研究将扩大到 先前的ASP可行性试验采用了一种新的翻译方法，该方法适用于预先存在的ASP， 目标工作人员作为可持续变革的工具，在ASP设置， 增加未得到充分服务的青少年的每日PA。拟议的项目将是一个前瞻性，随机 一项对照试验，比较了基于员工的社会发展PA计划与标准ASP健康课程 控制拟议的功效试验将加强现有ASP工作人员作为关键变革推动者的影响力 通过以下措施，满足在以往干预措施中被忽视的青少年的社会发展需求： 运用一种新的理论框架，扩展了社会发展理论和社会发展理论， 自我决定理论，成就目标理论和社会认知理论强调的机制 理论干预措施将针对“巴勒斯坦权力机构社会归属目标”的三个关键社会机制， 增加和维持教职员工和服务不足的中学青少年的PA（即，船舶/连接 通过PA;组归属，和;工作人员连接）。干预的所有组成部分（健康促进 倡议、全面培训和量身定制社会公共事务课程），旨在提高工作人员促进 一个PA环境，支持这些社会目标/机制（连接，群体归属感），并增加 ASP工作人员作为积极的PA角色模型和变革推动者的影响。与对照ASP相比，ASP 接受“连接”计划的人预计将从基线到术后和6个月显示出更大的改善 社会机制、青年公共行政和工作人员公共行政的后续行动。该项目的结果将证明 干预的有效性，并将有助于开发一个培训，激励和授权的模式 ASP工作人员解决促进青年PA的社会机制，以进行大规模的有效性试验。

Abstract. Although afterschool programs (ASPs) have been recognized as a critical context for promoting youth physical activity (PA), with broad reach to underserved communities, research by the PI and others have indicated that ASPs continue to struggle to meet policy guidelines for daily youth PA. Moreover, despite continued increases in obesity rates among U.S. adolescents, there have been few ASP interventions focused on underserved adolescents, and limited-to-no impact on adolescents' sustained behavior change. Previous ASP studies by the PI demonstrate that social mechanisms overlooked in previous interventions (e.g., developing friendship and connection to peers and staff through PA; group belonging, including positive peer PA norms and tangible support) are key predictors of youth PA. The research team recently completed a feasibility trial (NIH R21 HD077357) within 6 ASPs (3 intervention vs. 3 standard- health curriculum controls) for underserved middle school youth that was the first intervention to date to address these youth PA social goals/mechanisms. Findings showed positive effects for changing staff behaviors, improving youth PA social supports and connections with peers and staff, and increasing youth PA. The proposed study will expand on the previous ASP feasibility trial with a novel translational approach that works with pre-existing ASPs and targets staff as instrumental for sustainable changes in social mechanisms within the ASP setting for increasing the daily PA of underserved adolescents. The proposed project will be a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing a staff-based social development PA program to a standard ASP health curriculum control. The proposed efficacy trial will enhance the influence of pre-existing ASP staff as key change agents and address social developmental needs of adolescents overlooked in previous interventions through employing a novel theoretical framework that expands on social developmental theory and the social mechanisms highlighted by Self-Determination Theory, Achievement Goal Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory. The intervention will target the three key social mechanisms of “PA social affiliation goals” for increased and sustained PA of staff and underserved middle school youth (i.e., Friendships/connections through PA; Group Belonging, and; Staff Connection). All components of the intervention (health promotion initiative, comprehensive training, and tailored social PA curriculum) aim to improve staff capacity for facilitating a PA context that supports these social goals/mechanisms (connections, group belonging) and increases the influence of ASP staff as positive PA role models and agents of change. Compared to control ASPs, ASPs receiving the `Connect' program are expected to show greater improvements from baseline to post- and 6 mo follow-up in social mechanisms, youth PA, and staff PA. The results of this proposed project will demonstrate the efficacy of the intervention, and will assist in developing a model of training, motivating, and empowering ASP staff to address social mechanisms that promote youth PA for conducting a large scale effectiveness trial.