Connect through PLAY: A staff-based physical activity intervention for middle school youth

抽象的。尽管课外计划(ASP)已被认为是促进 青年体育活动(PA)，广泛覆盖服务不足的社区，由PI和其他人进行的研究 报告指出，ASP仍在努力达到青年日常活动的政策指导方针。此外，尽管 美国青少年肥胖率持续上升，针对ASP的干预措施很少 对服务不足的青少年，对青少年持续的行为改变影响有限或几乎没有影响。上一首 PI的ASP研究表明，在以前的干预中被忽视的社会机制(例如， 通过个人助理发展与同事和员工的友谊和联系；团体归属感，包括积极的同事 PA规范和有形支持)是青年PA的关键预测因素。研究小组最近完成了一项 可行性试验(NIH R21 HD077357)在6个ASP内(3个干预与3个标准-健康课程对照) 对于服务不足的中学生来说，这是迄今为止第一次采取干预措施来解决这些青少年的社会问题 目标/机制。调查结果显示，这对改变员工行为，改善青年PA社会状况有积极作用 与同事和员工的支持和联系，以及增加青年PA。拟议的研究将扩展到 之前的ASP可行性试验采用了一种新的转换方法，该方法适用于现有的ASP和 将工作人员作为促进社会机制可持续变革的工具，在 增加未得到充分服务的青少年的日常生活质量。拟议的项目将是一个前瞻性的、随机的项目 以工作人员为基础的社会发展PA计划与标准的ASP健康课程的对照试验 控制力。拟议的疗效试验将加强现有的ASP工作人员作为关键变革推动者的影响力 并通过以下方式解决先前干预措施忽视的青少年的社会发展需求 采用了一个新的理论框架，对社会发展理论和社会发展理论进行了扩展 自我决定论、成就目标论与社会认知的作用机制 理论上。干预措施将针对#年“巴勒斯坦权力机构社会隶属目标”的三个关键社会机制。 增加和维持工作人员和未得到充分服务的中学青年(即友谊/关系)的PA 通过PA；组归属；和；员工联系)。干预的所有组成部分(健康促进 主动、全面的培训和量身定制的社会PA课程)旨在提高工作人员的能力，以促进 支持这些社会目标/机制(关系、团体归属感)并增加 ASP员工的影响力是PA积极的榜样和变革的推动者。与对照asp相比，asp 从基线到事后和6个月，接受连接计划预计会有更大的改善 在社会机制、青年个人助理和工作人员个人助理中采取后续行动。这一拟议项目的结果将证明 干预的有效性，并将有助于开发一种培训、激励和赋权的模式 ASP工作人员解决促进青年PA进行大规模有效性试验的社会机制。

Abstract. Although afterschool programs (ASPs) have been recognized as a critical context for promoting youth physical activity (PA), with broad reach to underserved communities, research by the PI and others have indicated that ASPs continue to struggle to meet policy guidelines for daily youth PA. Moreover, despite continued increases in obesity rates among U.S. adolescents, there have been few ASP interventions focused on underserved adolescents, and limited-to-no impact on adolescents' sustained behavior change. Previous ASP studies by the PI demonstrate that social mechanisms overlooked in previous interventions (e.g., developing friendship and connection to peers and staff through PA; group belonging, including positive peer PA norms and tangible support) are key predictors of youth PA. The research team recently completed a feasibility trial (NIH R21 HD077357) within 6 ASPs (3 intervention vs. 3 standard- health curriculum controls) for underserved middle school youth that was the first intervention to date to address these youth PA social goals/mechanisms. Findings showed positive effects for changing staff behaviors, improving youth PA social supports and connections with peers and staff, and increasing youth PA. The proposed study will expand on the previous ASP feasibility trial with a novel translational approach that works with pre-existing ASPs and targets staff as instrumental for sustainable changes in social mechanisms within the ASP setting for increasing the daily PA of underserved adolescents. The proposed project will be a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing a staff-based social development PA program to a standard ASP health curriculum control. The proposed efficacy trial will enhance the influence of pre-existing ASP staff as key change agents and address social developmental needs of adolescents overlooked in previous interventions through employing a novel theoretical framework that expands on social developmental theory and the social mechanisms highlighted by Self-Determination Theory, Achievement Goal Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory. The intervention will target the three key social mechanisms of “PA social affiliation goals” for increased and sustained PA of staff and underserved middle school youth (i.e., Friendships/connections through PA; Group Belonging, and; Staff Connection). All components of the intervention (health promotion initiative, comprehensive training, and tailored social PA curriculum) aim to improve staff capacity for facilitating a PA context that supports these social goals/mechanisms (connections, group belonging) and increases the influence of ASP staff as positive PA role models and agents of change. Compared to control ASPs, ASPs receiving the `Connect' program are expected to show greater improvements from baseline to post- and 6 mo follow-up in social mechanisms, youth PA, and staff PA. The results of this proposed project will demonstrate the efficacy of the intervention, and will assist in developing a model of training, motivating, and empowering ASP staff to address social mechanisms that promote youth PA for conducting a large scale effectiveness trial.