The Malaria Transfusion Risk (MATRix) Study

疟疾输血风险 (MATRIx) 研究

• 批准号: 10431788
• 负责人: Evan Martin Bloch
• 金额: $ 17.71万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-03 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10431788
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adoption; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Antibodies; Biological Assay; Blood; Blood Transfusion; Blood donor; Blood donor screening; Blood specimen; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical Data; Clinical Trials; Clinical assessments; Complex; Cost Analysis; Country; Data; Demographic Factors; Department of Defense; Development; Donor Selection; Economics; Epidemiology; Expert Opinion; Funding; Geography; Human; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Infrastructure; International; Laboratories; Logistics; Malaria; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Microscopy; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Morbidity - disease rate; Nested PCR; Outcome; Parasitemia; Patients; Performance; Plasmodium; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Running; Safety; Sample Size; Sampling; Seasons; Severities; Technology; Testing; Time; Transfusion; Travel; Uganda; Whole Blood; antigen test; arm; base; comparative; comparative cost effectiveness; control trial; cost; cost effectiveness; cost-effectiveness evaluation; evidence base; experience; human subject; infection risk; insight; mortality; neglect; novel; pathogen; prevent; sample archive; sample collection; screening; sex; simulation; transcription mediated amplification; transmission process; vector-borne

PROJECT SUMMARY Globally, malaria (Plasmodium spp.) is the leading parasitic threat to humans and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite longstanding recognition that Plasmodium species are transfusion transmissible, the burden and risk of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) has not been well characterized and evidence-based policy to safeguard against TTM has not been determined. The advent of novel, molecular assays for blood donor screening could transform the existing approaches for TTM. We hypothesize that Blood donor screening for malaria using highly sensitive molecular assays in Uganda and other endemic countries will prevent a substantial proportion of transfusion-transmitted infections but will be cost-prohibitive and operationally unfeasible given associated donor loss. In contrast, molecular screening of blood donors in the US, will be cost-favorable when applied to those deferred for travel to endemic countries. To test this hypothesis, we will conduct the Malaria Transfusion Risk (MATRix) study to Aim 1) Evaluate donor prevalence of parasitemia and lab-based screening approaches to address TTM; Aim 2) Quantify the risk of TTM and identify demographic factors for TTM in a highly endemic country; and Aim 3) Compare the cost-effectiveness of different strategies to mitigate TTM to inform donor policies. The MATRix study will capitalize on a US Dept. of Defense-funded clinical trial that is underway in Uganda to evaluate (a) the feasibility of implementation of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) and (b) its impact on transfusion-transmitted infections following whole blood transfusions. The trial will soon begin collecting blood samples and demographic information from 3,500 donors and 2,000 transfusion recipients; recipients will be evaluated before- and after (days 2, 7, 28) transfusion. To address the MATRix study aims, we will use clinical data and archived samples from the PRT trial to (1a) compare performance characteristics of nested PCR, transcription-mediated amplification, antigen testing, microscopy and antibody testing, to detect Plasmodium spp. in Ugandan blood donors (n=3500) and (1b) describe the prevalence of Plasmodium seroreactivity and parasitemia by demographic and donor status. (2) Lab testing and clinical assessment of donor recipient pairs from the PRT trial control arm will enable quantification of incidence and clinical severity of TTM in recipients of blood from donors in Aim 1 (n=1000). We describe the risk of TTM by demographic, level of parasitemia and recipient clinical characteristics. Finally, a Markov-based decision analytic model will be used to evaluate TTM mitigation strategies drawing on input data from Aims 1 and 2, previous publication and/or local expert opinion to (3a) assess the cost-effectiveness of donor screening for TTM in Uganda by test modality and extent of implementation, while accounting for donor loss. It will also (3b) compare the cost-effectiveness of donor testing vs. risk-based deferral in the US. This study would guide global policy on TTM. It would also provide key insight into relative performance of the individual testing modalities for malaria, while offering insight into transmission dynamics and infectivity of TTM.

项目总结