State-of-the-Art Synthesis of Interventions to Promote Quit Intentions and Smoking Cessation

促进戒烟意愿和戒烟的最先进干预措施综合

• 批准号: 10439908
• 负责人: Paschal Sheeran
• 金额: $ 31.37万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10439908
• 关键词: Address; Behavior; Cancer Control; Cancer Etiology; Code; Data; Databases; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Ensure; Equation; Future; Goals; Intention; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Length; Measurement; Mediating; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Modeling; Motivation; Persons; Pharmacotherapy; Policy Maker; Procedures; Process; Race; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Services; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Source; Specific qualifier value; Taxonomy; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco Use Cessation; Translating; Translations; Withdrawal Symptom; Work; base; behavior change; cancer prevention; comparative; design; effective intervention; effectiveness testing; effectiveness trial; evidence base; follow-up; improved; interest; knowledge base; novel; predictive test; programs; randomized trial; smoking cessation; smoking cue; theories; web site

Project Summary Most people who smoke have no intention of quitting in the next 6 months or beyond, which begs critical questions of the field of cancer prevention and control: How can tobacco cessation be promoted among these smokers? What are the best ways to increase quit intentions? And how effective is changing quit intentions in promoting smoking cessation? Despite the conceptual and practical importance of these questions, we lack evidence-based answers – because a comprehensive test of the effectiveness of the hundreds of trials on quit intentions and smoking cessation has yet to be undertaken. This project is a novel research synthesis that is designed to answer these questions. In Aim 1, we will meta-analyze ~400 randomized controlled trials to (a) discover how effective are interventions in promoting quit intentions, and (b) quantify the impact of changing quit intentions on cessation rates. In Aim 2, we will determine what are the “active ingredients” of interventions that lead to increased quit intentions and successful smoking cessation. We will contact trial authors to obtain the original program materials and code the behavior change techniques that were deployed using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy–v1 (Michie et al., 2013). For each randomized trial, we will also code features of the sample, methodology, measurement of intention, and intervention (e.g., number of sessions, duration, mode and source of delivery, use of pharmacotherapy, risk of bias) and assess associations with effect sizes. A novel analytic strategy called Iterative Meta-Regression Analysis will be used to model how behavior change techniques and other modifiable intervention strategies (e.g., delivery mode, intensity) combine to generate the largest changes in quit intentions and the greatest improvements in cessation rates. The project will offer a landmark synthesis of research on smoking cessation that quantifies the effectiveness of interventions in promoting quit intentions and transforming quit intentions into smoking cessation – and specifies ‘what works.’ Moreover, in Aim 3, we will generate a database of effective, research-tested program materials that researchers, policy makers, and practitioners can access via the project website (www.SmokingCessationTrials.info). Our project will thus offer a theoretically based and empirically derived roadmap for future research and practice that contributes to reducing the leading cause of cancer.

项目概要 大多数吸烟者在未来 6 个月或更长时间内无意戒烟，这一点至关重要 癌症防治领域的问题：如何在人群中推广戒烟 吸烟者？提高戒烟意愿的最佳方法是什么？改变戒烟意图有多有效 提倡戒烟？尽管这些问题在概念和实践上都很重要，但我们缺乏 基于证据的答案——因为对数百项戒烟试验的有效性进行了全面测试 意向和戒烟尚未采取。该项目是一项新颖的研究综合 旨在回答这些问题。在目标 1 中，我们将对约 400 项随机对照试验进行荟萃分析，以实现 (a) 发现促进戒烟意愿的干预措施有多有效，以及 (b) 量化改变的影响 戒烟意愿对戒烟率的影响。在目标 2 中，我们将确定干预措施的“活性成分”是什么 这会导致戒烟意愿增加并成功戒烟。我们将联系试验作者以获取 原始计划材料和代码使用部署的行为改变技术 行为改变技术分类 - v1（Michie 等人，2013）。对于每个随机试验，我们还将编码 样本的特征、方法、意图测量和干预（例如，会议次数、 持续时间、给药方式和来源、药物治疗的使用、偏倚风险）并评估与 效应大小。一种称为迭代元回归分析的新颖分析策略将用于模拟如何 行为改变技术和其他可修改的干预策略（例如，交付模式、强度） 结合起来，可以最大程度地改变戒烟意向，并最大程度地提高戒烟率。 该项目将提供具有里程碑意义的戒烟研究综合，量化戒烟的有效性 促进戒烟意愿并将戒烟意愿转化为戒烟的干预措施——以及 指定“什么有效”。此外，在目标 3 中，我们将生成一个有效的、经过研究测试的计划的数据库 研究人员、政策制定者和从业者可以通过项目网站访问的材料 （www.SmokingCessationTrials.info）。因此，我们的项目将提供一个基于理论和经验得出的 有助于减少癌症主要原因的未来研究和实践路线图。