State-of-the-Art Synthesis of Interventions to Promote Quit Intentions and Smoking Cessation

促进戒烟意愿和戒烟的最先进干预措施综合

• 批准号: 10439908
• 负责人: Paschal Sheeran
• 金额: $ 31.37万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10439908
• 关键词: Address; Behavior; Cancer Control; Cancer Etiology; Code; Data; Databases; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Ensure; Equation; Future; Goals; Intention; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Length; Measurement; Mediating; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Modeling; Motivation; Persons; Pharmacotherapy; Policy Maker; Procedures; Process; Race; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Services; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Source; Specific qualifier value; Taxonomy; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco Use Cessation; Translating; Translations; Withdrawal Symptom; Work; base; behavior change; cancer prevention; comparative; design; effective intervention; effectiveness testing; effectiveness trial; evidence base; follow-up; improved; interest; knowledge base; novel; predictive test; programs; randomized trial; smoking cessation; smoking cue; theories; web site

Project Summary Most people who smoke have no intention of quitting in the next 6 months or beyond, which begs critical questions of the field of cancer prevention and control: How can tobacco cessation be promoted among these smokers? What are the best ways to increase quit intentions? And how effective is changing quit intentions in promoting smoking cessation? Despite the conceptual and practical importance of these questions, we lack evidence-based answers – because a comprehensive test of the effectiveness of the hundreds of trials on quit intentions and smoking cessation has yet to be undertaken. This project is a novel research synthesis that is designed to answer these questions. In Aim 1, we will meta-analyze ~400 randomized controlled trials to (a) discover how effective are interventions in promoting quit intentions, and (b) quantify the impact of changing quit intentions on cessation rates. In Aim 2, we will determine what are the “active ingredients” of interventions that lead to increased quit intentions and successful smoking cessation. We will contact trial authors to obtain the original program materials and code the behavior change techniques that were deployed using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy–v1 (Michie et al., 2013). For each randomized trial, we will also code features of the sample, methodology, measurement of intention, and intervention (e.g., number of sessions, duration, mode and source of delivery, use of pharmacotherapy, risk of bias) and assess associations with effect sizes. A novel analytic strategy called Iterative Meta-Regression Analysis will be used to model how behavior change techniques and other modifiable intervention strategies (e.g., delivery mode, intensity) combine to generate the largest changes in quit intentions and the greatest improvements in cessation rates. The project will offer a landmark synthesis of research on smoking cessation that quantifies the effectiveness of interventions in promoting quit intentions and transforming quit intentions into smoking cessation – and specifies ‘what works.’ Moreover, in Aim 3, we will generate a database of effective, research-tested program materials that researchers, policy makers, and practitioners can access via the project website (www.SmokingCessationTrials.info). Our project will thus offer a theoretically based and empirically derived roadmap for future research and practice that contributes to reducing the leading cause of cancer.

项目摘要 大多数吸烟者并不打算在接下来的6个月或更长时间内戒烟，这是至关重要的 癌症预防和控制领域的问题：如何在这些领域促进戒烟 吸烟者？增加戒烟意向的最好方法是什么？以及改变戒烟意图的效果如何 提倡戒烟？尽管这些问题在概念上和实践上都很重要，但我们缺乏 基于证据的答案-因为对数百项戒烟试验的有效性进行了全面的测试 戒烟意向和戒烟措施尚未实施。该项目是一项新颖的研究综合， 旨在回答这些问题。在目标1中，我们将对400个随机对照试验进行荟萃分析，以(A) 了解干预措施在促进戒烟意向方面的有效性，以及(B)量化变化的影响 戒烟率方面的戒烟意向。在目标2中，我们将确定干预措施的“有效成分”是什么 这会导致更多的戒烟意图和成功的戒烟。我们将联系试验作者以获得 最初的程序材料和代码使用 行为改变技术分类-v1(Michie等人，2013)。对于每个随机试验，我们还将编码 样本的特征、方法、意向测量和干预(例如，会话次数， 持续时间、分娩方式和来源、药物治疗的使用、偏见的风险)，并评估与 效果大小。一种名为迭代元回归分析的新分析策略将用于建模 行为改变技术和其他可修改的干预策略(例如，交付方式、强度) 结合起来，戒烟意向的变化最大，戒烟率提高最大。 该项目将提供一个里程碑式的戒烟研究综合，量化戒烟的有效性 促进戒烟意图和将戒烟意图转化为戒烟的干预措施--以及 指定“什么管用”。此外，在目标3中，我们将生成一个有效的、经过研究测试的方案的数据库 研究人员、政策制定者和从业者可以通过项目网站访问的材料 (www.SmokingCessationTrials.info)。因此，我们的项目将提供一个基于理论和经验的 未来研究和实践的路线图，有助于减少癌症的主要原因。