State-of-the-Art Synthesis of Interventions to Promote Quit Intentions and Smoking Cessation

促进戒烟意愿和戒烟的最先进干预措施综合

• 批准号: 10297247
• 负责人: Paschal Sheeran
• 金额: $ 32.01万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10297247
• 关键词: Address; Behavior; Cancer Control; Cancer Etiology; Code; Data; Databases; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Ensure; Equation; Future; Goals; Intention; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Length; Measurement; Mediating; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Modeling; Motivation; Pharmacotherapy; Policy Maker; Procedures; Process; Race; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Services; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Source; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Taxonomy; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco Use Cessation; Translating; Translations; Withdrawal Symptom; Work; base; behavior change; cancer prevention; comparative; design; effective intervention; effectiveness testing; effectiveness trial; evidence base; follow-up; improved; interest; knowledge base; novel; predictive test; programs; randomized trial; smoking cessation; smoking cue; theories; web site

Project Summary Most people who smoke have no intention of quitting in the next 6 months or beyond, which begs critical questions of the field of cancer prevention and control: How can tobacco cessation be promoted among these smokers? What are the best ways to increase quit intentions? And how effective is changing quit intentions in promoting smoking cessation? Despite the conceptual and practical importance of these questions, we lack evidence-based answers – because a comprehensive test of the effectiveness of the hundreds of trials on quit intentions and smoking cessation has yet to be undertaken. This project is a novel research synthesis that is designed to answer these questions. In Aim 1, we will meta-analyze ~400 randomized controlled trials to (a) discover how effective are interventions in promoting quit intentions, and (b) quantify the impact of changing quit intentions on cessation rates. In Aim 2, we will determine what are the “active ingredients” of interventions that lead to increased quit intentions and successful smoking cessation. We will contact trial authors to obtain the original program materials and code the behavior change techniques that were deployed using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy–v1 (Michie et al., 2013). For each randomized trial, we will also code features of the sample, methodology, measurement of intention, and intervention (e.g., number of sessions, duration, mode and source of delivery, use of pharmacotherapy, risk of bias) and assess associations with effect sizes. A novel analytic strategy called Iterative Meta-Regression Analysis will be used to model how behavior change techniques and other modifiable intervention strategies (e.g., delivery mode, intensity) combine to generate the largest changes in quit intentions and the greatest improvements in cessation rates. The project will offer a landmark synthesis of research on smoking cessation that quantifies the effectiveness of interventions in promoting quit intentions and transforming quit intentions into smoking cessation – and specifies ‘what works.’ Moreover, in Aim 3, we will generate a database of effective, research-tested program materials that researchers, policy makers, and practitioners can access via the project website (www.SmokingCessationTrials.info). Our project will thus offer a theoretically based and empirically derived roadmap for future research and practice that contributes to reducing the leading cause of cancer.

项目摘要 大多数吸烟者在未来6个月或更长时间内都没有戒烟的打算，这一点值得批评。 癌症预防和控制领域的问题：如何在这些人中促进戒烟 吸烟者？增加戒烟意愿的最好方法是什么？改变戒烟意愿的效果如何？ 促进戒烟？尽管这些问题在概念上和实际上都很重要，但我们缺乏 基于证据的答案--因为对数百个戒烟试验的有效性的全面测试 戒烟和戒烟的目的还没有实现。该项目是一个新颖的研究综合， 来回答这些问题。在目标1中，我们将对约400项随机对照试验进行荟萃分析，以（a） 发现干预措施在促进戒烟意愿方面的有效性，以及（B）量化改变的影响 戒烟意愿对戒烟率的影响。在目标2中，我们将确定干预措施的“有效成分”是什么 从而增加戒烟意愿并成功戒烟。我们将联系试验作者， 原始的程序材料和代码，以及使用 行为改变技术分类-v1（米吉等人，2013年）。对于每个随机试验，我们也将编码 样本的特征、方法、意图的测量和干预（例如，会议次数， 持续时间、给药方式和来源、药物治疗的使用、偏倚风险），并评估与 效果大小。一种新的分析策略称为迭代元回归分析将用于建模如何 行为改变技术和其他可修改的干预策略（例如，输送方式、强度） 联合收割机产生戒烟意向的最大变化和戒烟率的最大改善。 该项目将提供一个具有里程碑意义的综合研究戒烟，量化的有效性 促进戒烟意愿并将戒烟意愿转化为戒烟的干预措施-以及 具体说明“什么有效”。此外，在目标3中，我们将生成一个有效的、经过研究测试的程序数据库 研究人员、政策制定者和实践者可以通过项目网站访问的材料 （www.SmokingCessationTrials.info）中找到。因此，我们的项目将提供一个基于理论和经验的 未来研究和实践的路线图，有助于减少癌症的主要原因。