Assessing performances of Equations of State for CO2 mixtures to reduce the uncertainties in the CCS measurement chain

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To continue to support worldwide companies in achieving high accuracy measurements for fiscal applications but also to achieve the net zero target by 2050, we need to improve the accuracy of the CO2 measurement across the CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) value chain. To reduce the uncertainties in the CO2 measurement, and achieve fiscal standards, we need to overcome the challenges related to Equations of State (EoSs).Determining and using the correct EoSs adapted for CO2 mixtures will help to- determine pressure and temperature phase envelopes/boundaries with high accuracy,- select the most suitable technologies,- anticipate two phase fluid flow issues.Evaluating the performances of EoSs will also help to calculate accurate density from composition and convert volumetric flowrate to a mass flowrate with high accuracy to achieve fiscal measurement. Improving the EoS used for CO2 will help in reducing the uncertainties in the CCS measurement chain and to achieve fiscal levels of uncertainties which is important for the CCS economy and for the management of the emissions. For example: if we consider a CCS transportation facility of 6 million tons per year, let's assume a 5% uncertainty on the CO2 mass flowrate, 5% of these 6 million tons per year is leading to 300,000tons, if we assume a price of $85 per ton of CO2 this is leading to $25,500,000 per year, which means that there is around $70,000 of unaccounted measurement per day. This is highlighting that an uncertainty of 5% instead of 2.5% would lead to an over estimation or underestimation of the amount of CO2 captured, thus misrepresenting the quantity of CO2 that is captured and not emitted. Such an uncertainty is not acceptable as we need to have an accurate monitoring of the emissions to ensure that we reach the net zero by 2050\. This uncertainty has to be improved thanks to the use of correct Equation of States and this is the purpose of the project.