Neighborhood deprivation and early childhood obesity: Characterizing longitudinal pathways & identifying multilevel mediators and moderators

项目概要/摘要 肥胖儿童更容易成为肥胖的成年人，他们患心脏病的风险更大， 低收入家庭的儿童患肥胖症的风险更大。一些工作与 邻里特征和肥胖的儿童，但很少有人知道的纵向影响（和 机制）的邻里剥夺对低收入儿童的体重轨迹。此外，少数 研究结合了邻里，家庭和个人层面的因素，以了解复杂的， 导致儿童肥胖的多层次途径。在童年早期理解这些过程至关重要 因为肥胖症的早期出现可能会为终身健康风险设定轨迹。我的长期目标是工作 作为一名独立的研究人员，调查对儿童健康和发展的多层次影响，重点是 关于肥胖问题的报告，为预防干预措施和人口健康战略提供信息。此K 01指导研究 科学家发展奖将填补儿童肥胖，邻里分析， 自我调节和健康的交叉，以及转化研究。我的专业导师团队 在纽约大学医学院和哥伦比亚大学的我将监督我的培训活动，包括结构化的 导师会议;导师指导教学;参加研讨会和讲习班;实践学习; 和课程一系列补充研究将确定以下方面的纵向关联： 邻里剥夺与幼儿体重指数（BMI）轨迹，并确定在 儿童的家庭和邻里社会背景和执行功能技能的调节或中介 这些协会在农村和城市都有。我的主要假设是， 剥夺将预测儿童早期体重增加，儿童的社会环境和执行能力 功能将塑造这种关系。为了检验这一假设，我将首先确定邻里的纵向效应， 贫困对农村低收入样本中儿童BMI轨迹的影响。其次，我将确定如何社会 邻里环境因素（如安全、集体社会化和地理隔离）和家庭环境因素 (e.g.收入和教育）水平调节邻里剥夺与BMI轨迹的关系。三我 将描述儿童的执行功能技能调解和缓和关系的方式， 邻里贫困与BMI轨迹的关系最后，我将在一个高度贫困的城市重复这些分析， 孩子的样本。该项目采用创新的跨学科方法，是第一个研究 邻里剥夺、社会背景和执行功能预测儿童BMI的复杂方式 轨迹通过这些研究和培训经验，我将过渡到一个独立的研究人员， 将准备申请R 01，以调查儿童肥胖的多层次机制和调节剂 并通过实验验证执行功能的改善可以缓冲肥胖风险的假设， 在一项正在进行的大规模有效性研究的背景下，来自弱势社区的儿童。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Obese children are more likely to become obese adults who are at greater risk for heart disease and early death, and children from low-income families are at greater risk for developing obesity. Some work has linked neighborhood characteristics and obesity in children, but little is known about the longitudinal effects (and mechanisms) of neighborhood deprivation on the weight trajectories of low-income children. Moreover, few studies have incorporated neighborhood, family, and individual level factors to understand the complex and multilevel pathways leading to childhood obesity. Understanding these processes early in childhood is critical as the early emergence of obesity can set the trajectory for life long health risks. My long-term goal is to work as an independent researcher investigating multilevel influences on child health and development, with a focus on obesity, to inform preventive interventions and population health strategies. This K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award will fill critical training gaps in childhood obesity, neighborhood analysis, the intersection of self-regulation and health, and translational research. My dedicated and expert team of mentors at the NYU School of Medicine and Columbia University will oversee my training activities including structured mentorship meetings; mentor-guided instruction; participation in seminars and workshops; hands-on learning; and coursework. The complementary set of research studies will identify longitudinal associations of neighborhood deprivation with early childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories and determine the ways in which children’s family and neighborhood social context and executive function skills moderate or mediate these associations in both rural and urban contexts. My primary hypothesis is that greater neighborhood deprivation will predict greater weight gain in early childhood and that children’s social context and executive function will shape this relation. To test this hypothesis, I will first identify longitudinal effects of neighborhood deprivation on children’s BMI trajectories in a rural low-income sample. Second, I will determine how social context factors at the neighborhood (e.g. safety, collective socialization, and geographic isolation) and family (e.g. income and education) levels moderate relations of neighborhood deprivation to BMI trajectories. Third, I will characterize the ways in which children’s executive function skills mediate and moderate relations of neighborhood deprivation to BMI trajectories. Finally, I will replicate these analyses in a high-poverty urban sample of children. This project takes an innovative, interdisciplinary approach and is the first to examine the complex ways in which neighborhood deprivation, social context, and executive function predict children’s BMI trajectories. Through these research and training experiences I will transition to an independent researcher and will be prepared to apply for an R01 to investigate multilevel mechanisms and moderators of childhood obesity and to experimentally test the hypothesis that improvements in executive function could buffer obesity risk in children from disadvantaged neighborhoods within the context of an ongoing large-scale effectiveness study.