Integrating Smoking Cessation in Tattoo Aftercare

项目摘要。 新纹身是一个错失了促进戒烟的机会。纹身后护理期是 生物的、心理的、社会的和结构性的杠杆点。在五分之一到三分之一之间 18岁到65岁的美国人至少有一个纹身，在25岁到39岁的成年人中，几乎每两个人中就有一个有纹身 至少有一个纹身。有纹身的人的吸烟率高于 普通人口。纹身店是循证吸烟的潜在来源和转介背景 戒烟干预。在其他方面，有可行、可接受和有效的干预措施的历史 美观的服务环境，如理发店。然而，还没有发表的研究对这一可行性进行了检验， 纹身店或纹身附近实施的戒烟干预措施的可接受性或有效性 会议(例如，作为纹身后护理)。美国至少有20,000家纹身店，而这些网站 有机会接触到那些没有很好地参与到日常干预环境中的吸烟者。在个人身上 当吸烟者有更大的吸烟倾向时，一个新的纹身可能代表着一个独特的机会之窗 尝试并成功戒烟。首先，戒烟可能会促进纹身的愈合， 减少感染等短期并发症的风险，这些并发症可能导致较差的美容效果和 需要额外的矫正纹身。吸烟对伤口愈合的负面影响是显而易见的- 有记录在案。其次，纹身具有很强的象征性，而纹身的象征往往与 动机、自我效能感和韧性。简短的激励干预可以利用纹身的突出之处 作为克服戒烟矛盾心理的一种手段。第三，将戒烟支持捆绑到纹身中 对于对戒烟持矛盾态度的吸烟者来说，善后护理可能更容易接受。捆绑停止支持 与现有的纹身后护理做法，这是一个改变的常规，可能有助于加强戒烟尝试 在高度脆弱的撤军时期。捆绑还可以缓冲隐含或显性的社交 放弃退出尝试的压力。在这方面有很大的潜力促进戒烟 布景。然而，没有发表的研究涉及是否、为什么以及如何解决利益相关者(商店所有者、 纹身艺术家和最近纹身的吸烟者)会采用这种新颖的方法。我们将：1)评估 纹身店老板和艺术家对纹身相关戒烟的看法和态度 2)评估吸烟者对戒烟干预措施的态度，以及 在纹身和后续护理方面提供支持；以及，3)制定初步的循证干预措施 和/或将在纹身和后续护理方面促进戒烟的转介方案。这 研究有可能为吸烟带来一种前所未有的渠道和背景 戒烟干预。通过这样做，这项工作将以有效和 可扩展的干预。

Project Summary. New tattoos are a missed opportunity to promote smoking cessation. The tattoo aftercare period is a nexus of biological, psychological, social, and structural points of leverage. Between one-fifth and one-third of Americans ages 18 to 65 have at least one tattoo, and among adults ages 25-39, nearly one in two persons have at least one tattoo. Smoking prevalence among persons with tattoos is greater than smoking prevalence in the general population. Tattoo parlors are a potential catchment and referral context for evidence-based smoking cessation interventions. There is a history of feasible, acceptable, and efficacious interventions in other aesthetic service settings, such as barbershops. Yet, no published studies have examined the feasibility, acceptability, or efficacy of smoking cessation interventions delivered in tattoo parlors or adjacent to tattoo sessions (e.g., as tattoo aftercare). There are at least 20,000 tattoo parlors in the U.S., and these sites present an opportunity to reach smokers who are not well-engaged with usual intervention settings. At the individual level, a new tattoo may represent a unique window of opportunity when smokers have a greater propensity to attempt and succeed at smoking cessation. First, quitting smoking may facilitate healing of the tattoo and reduce the risk of short-term complications such as infection, which can lead to poorer aesthetic outcomes and the need for additional corrective tattooing. The negative effects of smoking on wound healing are well- documented. Second, tattoos are highly symbolic, and the symbols often have psychological relevance to motivation, self-efficacy, and resilience. Brief motivational interventions could draw upon the tattoo's salience as a means to overcome ambivalence about quitting smoking. Third, bundling cessation support into tattoo aftercare may be more acceptable to smokers who are ambivalent about quitting. Bundling cessation supports with existing tattoo aftercare practices, which are a change to routine, may help to reinforce the quit attempt during the highly vulnerable period of withdrawal. Bundling may also buffer against implicit or explicit social pressure to abandon the quit attempt. There is significant potential for promoting smoking cessation in this setting. However, no published studies have addressed whether, why, and how stakeholders (shop owners, tattoo artists, and recently-tattooed smokers) would engage in this novel approach. We will: 1) Assess the perceptions and attitudes of tattoo parlor owners and artists as they relate to tattoo-related smoking cessation interventions and aftercare bundling; 2) Assess smokers' attitudes toward smoking cessation interventions and supports in the context of tattooing and aftercare; and, 3) Develop a preliminary evidence-based intervention and/or referral protocol that will promote smoking cessation in the context of tattooing and aftercare. This research has the potential to introduce a never-before explored channel and context for delivery of smoking cessation interventions. In doing so, the work stands to reach an underserved population with an efficient and scalable intervention.