Auditory cortical processing of self-generated sounds

项目摘要 即使你不是一个音乐天才，我们每个人仍然是一个非常声学的人。言论和 音乐是我们发出的最明显的声音但几乎所有其他的动作都会产生声音， （打字，走路，咀嚼，关车门）。事实上，在世界上航行需要我们能够 检测、识别和预测我们自己行动的声音。我们没有注意到大多数 我们发出的声音说明了我们的大脑在第一时间预测它们的能力有多强。失灵 正常情况下预期我们行动的声音的大脑回路也受到了牵连， 包括耳鸣和精神分裂症了解大脑如何学习预测我们的声音 因此，行动是了解健康和疾病期间大脑功能的关键。这项建议 描述了旨在了解听觉和运动系统如何在声音中相互作用的实验。 产生行为来预测我们的动作发出的声音。本文中概述的实验 这些建议包括许多创新技术。其中包括闭环增强现实、大型 在行为、钙成像和光遗传学期间的尺度生理记录。的结果予以 实验将帮助我们了解大脑中的神经元回路如何学会预测声音， 我们的动作。 拟议中的研究对NIH的使命有四方面的意义。首先，这项研究可以告知如何 神经系统在发声运动期间调节正常的听觉，这对于 言语理解和学习，以及其他熟练的、受指导的行为（例如音乐才能）。 第二，在皮层水平上，这种运动与听觉相互作用的功能障碍被认为是驱动听觉的 包括耳鸣和精神分裂症在内的疾病中的幻觉;表征运动-听觉相互作用是一种 必要的步骤，以了解这些病理的起源，并最终设计适当的 治疗第三，了解运动听觉回路如何随经验而变化， 深入了解这些回路如何通过知觉训练或直接操纵来操纵， 神经活动，以促进听觉理解面对听力损失。

Project Summary Even if you’re not a musical genius, each and every one of us is still a highly acoustic person. Speech and music are the most obvious sounds we make. But almost every other movement we make produces sounds, too (typing, walking, chewing, shutting a car door). In fact, navigating the world requires us to be able to detect, recognize, and predict the sounds of our own actions. The fact that we don’t notice most of the sounds we make speaks wonders to how well our brains can predict them in the first place. Malfunctioning of the same brain circuitry that normally anticipates the sounds of our actions has been implicated and disorders including tinnitus and schizophrenia. Understanding how the brain learns to anticipate the sounds of our actions is therefore key to understanding brain function during both health and disease. This proposal describes experiments aimed at understanding how auditory and motor systems interact during sound generating behaviors to anticipate the sounds our movements make. The experiments outlined in this proposal incorporate a host of innovative techniques. These include closed-loop augmented reality, large scale physiological recordings during behavior, calcium imaging, and optogenetics. The results of these experiments will help us understand how circuits of neurons within the brain learn to anticipate the sounds our movements make. The significance of the proposed research to the NIH mission is four-fold. First, this research can inform how the nervous system mediates normal hearing during sound-generating movements, which is essential to speech comprehension and learning, among other skilled, auditory-guided behaviors (e.g. musicianship). Second, dysfunction of this motor to auditory interaction at the cortical level is thought to drive auditory hallucinations in diseases including tinnitus and schizophrenia; characterizing motor-auditory interactions is a necessary step to understand the genesis of these pathologies and to ultimately design appropriate therapies. Third, an understanding of how motor-auditory circuits change with experience may provide insights into how these circuits can be manipulated either through perceptual training or direct manipulation of neural activity to facilitate auditory comprehension in the face of hearing loss.