Auditory cortical processing of self-generated sounds

项目概要 即使你不是音乐天才，我们每个人仍然是一个非常有声学的人。演讲和 音乐是我们发出的最明显的声音。但几乎我们所做的所有其他动作都会产生声音， 也是如此（打字、走路、咀嚼、关车门）。事实上，环游世界需要我们能够 检测、识别和预测我们自己行为的声音。事实上，我们大多数都没有注意到 我们发出的声音说明了我们的大脑能够如何准确地预测它们。故障 通常预测我们动作的声音的相同大脑回路已受到牵连并且出现紊乱 包括耳鸣和精神分裂症。了解大脑如何学习预测我们的声音 因此，行为是了解健康和疾病期间大脑功能的关键。这个提议 描述了旨在了解听觉和运动系统在声音过程中如何相互作用的实验 产生行为来预测我们动作发出的声音。本文概述的实验 提案融合了许多创新技术。其中包括闭环增强现实、大型 缩放行为、钙成像和光遗传学过程中的生理记录。这些结果 实验将帮助我们了解大脑内的神经元回路如何学习预测声音 我们的动作使。 拟议的研究对 NIH 使命有四重意义。首先，这项研究可以告诉我们如何 神经系统在发声运动期间调节正常听力，这对于 言语理解和学习，以及其他熟练的、听觉引导的行为（例如音乐才能）。 其次，皮质水平上这种运动与听觉相互作用的功能障碍被认为会驱动听觉 疾病引起的幻觉，包括耳鸣和精神分裂症；描述运动-听觉相互作用的特征是 了解这些病理学的起源并最终设计适当的必要步骤 疗法。第三，了解运动听觉回路如何随经验而变化可能会提供帮助 深入了解如何通过感知训练或直接操纵来操纵这些电路 面对听力损失时促进听觉理解的神经活动。

Project Summary Even if you’re not a musical genius, each and every one of us is still a highly acoustic person. Speech and music are the most obvious sounds we make. But almost every other movement we make produces sounds, too (typing, walking, chewing, shutting a car door). In fact, navigating the world requires us to be able to detect, recognize, and predict the sounds of our own actions. The fact that we don’t notice most of the sounds we make speaks wonders to how well our brains can predict them in the first place. Malfunctioning of the same brain circuitry that normally anticipates the sounds of our actions has been implicated and disorders including tinnitus and schizophrenia. Understanding how the brain learns to anticipate the sounds of our actions is therefore key to understanding brain function during both health and disease. This proposal describes experiments aimed at understanding how auditory and motor systems interact during sound generating behaviors to anticipate the sounds our movements make. The experiments outlined in this proposal incorporate a host of innovative techniques. These include closed-loop augmented reality, large scale physiological recordings during behavior, calcium imaging, and optogenetics. The results of these experiments will help us understand how circuits of neurons within the brain learn to anticipate the sounds our movements make. The significance of the proposed research to the NIH mission is four-fold. First, this research can inform how the nervous system mediates normal hearing during sound-generating movements, which is essential to speech comprehension and learning, among other skilled, auditory-guided behaviors (e.g. musicianship). Second, dysfunction of this motor to auditory interaction at the cortical level is thought to drive auditory hallucinations in diseases including tinnitus and schizophrenia; characterizing motor-auditory interactions is a necessary step to understand the genesis of these pathologies and to ultimately design appropriate therapies. Third, an understanding of how motor-auditory circuits change with experience may provide insights into how these circuits can be manipulated either through perceptual training or direct manipulation of neural activity to facilitate auditory comprehension in the face of hearing loss.