Auditory cortical processing of self-generated sounds

项目摘要 即使你不是一个音乐天才，我们每个人都是一个高度声学的人。演讲和 音乐是我们发出的最明显的声音。但我们做的几乎每一个动作都会发出声音， (打字、走路、嚼东西、关上车门)。事实上，在世界上航行需要我们能够 探测、识别和预测我们自己行动的声音。事实上，我们没有注意到大多数 我们发出的声音说明，我们的大脑一开始就能很好地预测它们。发生故障的 同样的大脑电路，通常预测我们的行动的声音，已经被牵连和紊乱 包括耳鸣和精神分裂症。了解大脑是如何学习预测我们的声音的 因此，行动是了解健康和疾病期间大脑功能的关键。这项建议 描述旨在了解听觉和运动系统在声音过程中如何相互作用的实验。 产生行为来预测我们的动作发出的声音。这篇文章中概述的实验 该提案包含了许多创新技术。其中包括闭环式增强现实、大型 测量行为、钙成像和光遗传学过程中的生理记录。这些研究的结果 实验将帮助我们了解大脑中的神经元电路如何学习预测声音 我们的动作让。 这项拟议的研究对NIH任务的意义有四个方面。首先，这项研究可以告诉我们 神经系统在发声运动中调节正常的听力，这对 语言理解和学习，以及其他熟练的、听觉引导的行为(例如，音乐能力)。 其次，这种运动对大脑皮层听觉相互作用的功能障碍被认为是驱动听觉的原因。 包括耳鸣和精神分裂症在内的疾病中的幻觉；运动-听觉相互作用的特征是 了解这些病理的起源并最终设计出适当的 治疗。第三，对运动-听觉回路如何随经验变化的理解可能会提供 洞察如何通过知觉训练或直接操纵 在听力丧失的情况下促进听觉理解的神经活动。

Project Summary Even if you’re not a musical genius, each and every one of us is still a highly acoustic person. Speech and music are the most obvious sounds we make. But almost every other movement we make produces sounds, too (typing, walking, chewing, shutting a car door). In fact, navigating the world requires us to be able to detect, recognize, and predict the sounds of our own actions. The fact that we don’t notice most of the sounds we make speaks wonders to how well our brains can predict them in the first place. Malfunctioning of the same brain circuitry that normally anticipates the sounds of our actions has been implicated and disorders including tinnitus and schizophrenia. Understanding how the brain learns to anticipate the sounds of our actions is therefore key to understanding brain function during both health and disease. This proposal describes experiments aimed at understanding how auditory and motor systems interact during sound generating behaviors to anticipate the sounds our movements make. The experiments outlined in this proposal incorporate a host of innovative techniques. These include closed-loop augmented reality, large scale physiological recordings during behavior, calcium imaging, and optogenetics. The results of these experiments will help us understand how circuits of neurons within the brain learn to anticipate the sounds our movements make. The significance of the proposed research to the NIH mission is four-fold. First, this research can inform how the nervous system mediates normal hearing during sound-generating movements, which is essential to speech comprehension and learning, among other skilled, auditory-guided behaviors (e.g. musicianship). Second, dysfunction of this motor to auditory interaction at the cortical level is thought to drive auditory hallucinations in diseases including tinnitus and schizophrenia; characterizing motor-auditory interactions is a necessary step to understand the genesis of these pathologies and to ultimately design appropriate therapies. Third, an understanding of how motor-auditory circuits change with experience may provide insights into how these circuits can be manipulated either through perceptual training or direct manipulation of neural activity to facilitate auditory comprehension in the face of hearing loss.