Decoding Prior Bias in Psychosis Using Population Receptive Fields

使用群体感受野解码精神病的先验偏差

• 批准号: 10460680
• 负责人: Kenneth Wengler
• 金额: $ 0.25万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10460680
• 关键词: Affect; Auditory; Auditory Hallucination; Auditory area; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Characteristics; Clinical; Data; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Event; Feedback; Form Perception; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hallucinations; Image; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Neurobiology; Neurologic Symptoms; Neurons; Neurosciences; Noise; Patients; Perception; Population; Process; Psychiatry; Psychophysics; Psychoses; Research; Research Training; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Severities; Signal Transduction; Speech; Stimulus; Symptoms; Syndrome; Techniques; Time; Training; Visual; Width; Work; base; clinically relevant; design; disability; expectation; experimental study; magnetic resonance imaging biomarker; neurobiological mechanism; neurofeedback; neuromechanism; novel; novel therapeutics; programs; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; sound; tool; years of life lost

PROJECT SUMMARY Schizophrenia is an exceedingly prevalent and burdensome illness that affects ~26 million individuals world-wide and accounts for ~16 million years of life lost due to disability per year. A characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is auditory hallucinations, occurring in ~80% of patients with ~30% of sufferers unresponsive to available treatments. Despite their impact, the neural mechanisms of auditory hallucinations are poorly understood. Auditory hallucinations are thought to arise from greater bias towards prior knowledge when forming perceptions (prior bias). Prior bias is the incorporation of prior knowledge into percepts that biases perception towards more likely sensory events. Previous studies using single-unit recordings during perceptual decision-making tasks have probed the neural manifestation of prior bias. A major finding of this work is that behavioral bias for a stimulus feature (e.g. leftward motion vs rightward motion) is associated with greater activity in neurons with receptive fields tuned to that stimulus feature. To probe the neural mechanisms of prior bias it is thus critical to define the tuning of receptive fields and design experiments that capitalize on this tuning (Aim 1). Population receptive field (pRF) mapping is a novel fMRI method that allows definition of neural tuning in auditory and visual regions with tonotopic and retinotopic organization, respectively. For example, tonotopic pRF mapping can define regions that are macroscopically organized with ensembles of neurons tuned to a specific tone frequency. By combining tonotopic pRF with a behavioral task to probe perceptual biases in tone frequency a direct measurement of the neural mechanisms of prior bias in auditory hallucinations can be developed (Aim 2). In Aim 1 we will use pRF tonotopic mapping to define the tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (N=30) and investigate differences compared to matched healthy controls (N=30). We hypothesize that the severity of auditory hallucinations will be correlated with broader pRF tuning in the associative auditory cortex. In Aim 2 we will determine the neural representation of prior bias in auditory hallucinations by acquiring fMRI during a two-tone frequency discrimination task in the same unmedicated schizophrenia patients and matched healthy controls from Aim 1. This task elicits prior bias that will be directly measured by using the tonotopic maps acquired in Aim 1 to localize activation to specific frequencies. We hypothesize that prior bias will manifest in the fMRI signal as an over-activation of the pRF's tuned to the prior information and that the degree of over-activation will correlate with the severity of auditory hallucinations.

项目总结 精神分裂症是一种极其普遍和负担沉重的疾病，影响着大约2600万人 全世界每年因残疾而损失的寿命约为1600万年。一种典型的症状 精神分裂症是一种幻听，发生在约80%的患者中，约30%的患者对 可用的治疗方法。尽管它们有影响，但幻听的神经机制很差。 明白了。幻听被认为是由于对先前知识的更大偏见而产生的，当 形成知觉(先前的偏见)。先验偏见是将先验知识融入到偏见的知觉中 对更可能的感官事件的感知。先前的研究使用知觉过程中的单单位记录 决策任务探索了先验偏见的神经表现。这项工作的一个主要发现是 刺激特征的行为偏向(例如，向左运动与向右运动)与更大的 感受野与刺激特征相适应的神经元中的活动。探讨心力衰竭的神经机制 因此，定义感受野的调谐和设计符合以下条件的实验至关重要 充分利用这一调整(目标1)。群体感受野(PRF)定位是一种新的功能磁共振成像方法 允许定义听觉和视觉区域中的神经调谐以及直视和视网膜组织， 分别进行了分析。例如，色调PRF映射可以定义宏观组织为 调节到特定音调频率的神经元集合。通过将纯音PRF与行为PRF相结合 探测声调频率中知觉偏差的任务--直接测量 可以形成幻听的先验偏见(目标2)。 在目标1中，我们将使用PRF声调映射来定义听觉皮质的声调组织 未服药的精神分裂症患者(N=30)，并与匹配的健康人进行比较 对照组(N=30)。我们假设幻听的严重程度将与更广泛的PRF相关 调谐联想听觉皮质。在目标2中，我们将确定先验偏差的神经表示 在同一组中，在双音频率辨别任务中，通过获取fMRI来产生幻听 未用药的精神分裂症患者和来自目标1的匹配的健康对照组。这项任务引起了先前的偏见，即 将通过使用在目标1中获取的声调映射来直接测量，以将激活定位到特定 频率。我们假设先前的偏差将在fMRI信号中表现为PRF的过度激活 并认为过度激活的程度将与听觉的严重程度相关 幻觉。