Virus Taxonomy: A Community Knowledgebase Supporting Virus Research

项目摘要/摘要 病毒能够感染地球上的每一种有机体。他们在维持正常生活中发挥着不可或缺的作用。 生态系统，但有时会引起扰动，对人类健康、农业和 更广阔的环境。了解病毒在生态系统中扮演的角色，并制定方法 减轻它们的不良影响是病毒学家的一个主要目标。 生物体只有在它们的关系中才能被理解。这首先描述了 共同且有区别的属性，并由分类科学来形式化， 分类和命名的等级制度。分类学是建立整体理解的关键 居住在这个星球上的生物体的生物学。国际病毒分类委员会 (ICTV)通过根据亲缘关系对病毒进行分类，为理解病毒提供了一个连贯的框架 正如病毒分类学所描述的那样。ICTV分类数据库和程序构成了 世界各地的病毒学家了解全球病毒体，标准化新病毒大量涌入的命名 发现病毒，并在快速变化的环境中促进研究和教育。这项建议 旨在扩大ICTV的有效性，并加强其与广泛的 利益相关者。这些人包括参与科学、兽医、医疗、教育和监管的人 努力，以及任何其他对病毒感兴趣的人。 我们的目标是提供一套整合的成果，使资源现代化，以确保 反应灵敏、可扩展的基础设施；提高分类和病毒学信息的可用性和广度； 更好的工具来管理分类分类和支持高通量病毒的数据处理 分类和管理；加强个人、团体和信息储存库的可访问性；以及 外联和培训活动，以确保我们努力的产品被用于造福利益攸关方，并 促进对病毒及其分类的更好了解。 这项工作将提高板凳科学家、计算机科学家、教育工作者、贸易监管机构、 制药企业、政府机构、政策制定者和普通民众进行前沿 研究，减轻病毒构成的威胁，并更好地了解病毒对人类构成的风险， 动物、农业健康和地球生态。这项工作也将为国家和 通过帮助各国政府应对意外爆发的病毒疾病，如 新冠肺炎。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Viruses are able to infect every kind of organism on the planet. They play an integral part in maintaining normal ecosystems but sometimes cause perturbations that have adverse impacts on human health, agriculture, and the wider environment. Understanding the role that viruses play in ecosystems and developing approaches to mitigate their undesirable effects represents a major goal of virologists. Organisms can only be understood in the context of their relationships. This begins with the delineation of common and distinguishing properties and is formalized by the science of taxonomy which creates an ordered, hierarchical system of classification and nomenclature. Taxonomy is critical for building a holistic understanding of the biology of the organisms that inhabit this planet. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) provides a coherent framework for understanding viruses by classifying them on the basis of their kinships as described by the virus taxonomy. The ICTV taxonomic database and programs form the bedrock used by virologists worldwide to understand the global virome, standardize the nomenclature of the huge influx of newly discovered viruses, and promote both research and education in a rapidly changing environment. This proposal is aimed at expanding the effectiveness of the ICTV and strengthening its connections to a broad range of stakeholders. These include people involved in scientific, veterinary, medical, educational, and regulatory endeavors, and anyone else interested in viruses. Our aims focus on providing an integrated set of outcomes that modernized resources to ensure a stable, responsive, scalable infrastructure; increased availability and breadth of taxonomic and virological information; better tools to manage taxonomic classification and handling of data supporting high-throughput virus classification and curation; enhanced accessibility by individuals, groups, and information repositories; and outreach and training activities to ensure that the products of our efforts are used to benefit stakeholders and to promote better understanding of viruses and their classification. This work will advance the capacity of bench scientists, computer scientists, educators, trade regulators, pharmaceutical firms, government agencies, policy makers, and the general public to conduct leading edge research, mitigate the threat posed by viruses, and better understand the risks posed by viruses to human, animal, and agricultural health, and the planet’s ecology. This work will also contribute to national and international security by helping governments to respond to unforeseen outbreaks of virus diseases such as COVID-19.