Infant Predictors of ADHD and ASD Symptomology

项目摘要/摘要 自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)是最常见的两种 在美国，大约每54名儿童中就有1名儿童和11名儿童中有1名受到影响。 合并症发生率高达70%，令人惊讶。越来越多的文献表明，早期 干预可以改善受这些疾病影响的儿童的症状和减轻痛苦负担。 以及他们的家人。为了使早期干预取得成功，确定婴儿罹患艾滋病的风险最高 以后的挑战是必要的。社交沟通障碍、非典型注意力和运动技能挑战 与ASD和ADHD的发展有关。然而，人们对这种病毒的特异性知之甚少 这些特征是与ASD和ADHD在婴儿期的发展有关的独特机制。刻画 遗传可能性高的婴儿之间的社交、注意力和运动技能的概况 对于ASD来说，ADHD的遗传可能性较高的婴儿，以及两者的遗传可能性较低的婴儿 障碍可以提供有关ASD和ADHD的障碍特有症状的重要信息。 了解ASD和ADHD的跨诊断和疾病特异性特征将有助于改进筛查 工具和量身定制的干预措施。因此，本研究利用前瞻性的纵向设计来研究 社交、注意力和运动技能的发展轨迹及其与自闭症和多动症的关系 在生命的头三年里都有症状。符合NIMH的研究领域标准(RDoC) 调查精神障碍的方法，这项研究将使用生理和行为测量来 评估这些构造。此外，ASD和ADHD症状将在维度基础上进行评估。特定的 目标1将提供有关ASD和ADHD的三种表型的新信息--交流、注意、 运动技能-在有遗传风险的婴儿中，提供三组婴儿技能的早期概况。结果来自 这项研究将提供与ASD和ADHD遗传风险相关的症状信息。特定目标 2将研究注意力的生理测量作为ASD和ADHD症状的预测因子。值得注意的是， 这一目标将解决当前文献中关于注意力测量之间的联系的一个空白。 ADHD的生理和症状。最后，《特定目标3》将探索社交交流的轨迹， 注意力和运动发育作为ASD和ADHD症状的预测因子。这些研究目标将 告知与ASD和ADHD症状发展有关的复杂机制。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and affect approximately 1 in 54 and 1 in 11 children in the U.S. respectively with a surprisingly high comorbidity rate of up to 70%. Growing literature suggests that early intervention can ameliorate symptoms and reduce burden of suffering for children affected by these disorders and their families. In order for early intervention to be successful, identification of infants at the highest risk for later challenges is necessary. Social communication deficits, atypical attention, and motor skills challenges have been implicated in the development of both ASD and ADHD. However, little is known about the specificity of these features as unique mechanisms related to the development of ASD and ADHD in infancy. Characterizing the profiles of social communication, attention, and motor skills across infants at an elevated genetic likelihood for ASD, infants at an elevated genetic likelihood for ADHD, and infants at a low genetic likelihood for both disorders can provide important information about disorder-specific symptoms of ASD and ADHD. Understanding transdiagnostic and disorder-specific features of ASD and ADHD will lead to improved screening tools and tailored interventions. Thus, the present study leverages a prospective, longitudinal design to study trajectories of social communication, attention, and motor skills and their relation to ASD and ADHD symptomology throughout the first three years of life. Consistent with NIMH’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to investigation of mental disorders, this study will use physiological and behavioral measures to assess these constructs. Further, ASD and ADHD symptoms will be assessed on a dimensional basis. Specific Aim 1 will provide novel information about three phenotypes of ASD and ADHD – communication, attention, motor skills – in infants at genetic risk to provide an early profile of infant skills across three groups. Results from this study will provide information about symptoms associated with genetic risk for ASD and ADHD. Specific Aim 2 will investigate a physiological measure of attention as a predictor of ASD and ADHD symptomology. Notably, this aim will address a gap in current literature concerning the association between attention measured physiologically and symptoms of ADHD. Finally, Specific Aim 3 will explore trajectories of social communication, attention, and motor development as predictors for ASD and ADHD symptomology. These research aims will inform the complex mechanisms implicated in the development of ASD and ADHD symptoms.