Reproductive outcomes and schooling expansion for men in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda

埃塞俄比亚、马拉维和乌干达男性的生育成果和学校教育扩展

• 批准号: 10463793
• 负责人: Monica J Grant
• 金额: $ 7.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-06 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10463793
• 关键词: Affect; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Attitude; Characteristics; Child; Complement; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Usage; Country; Couples; Data; Data Set; Decision Making; Demographer; Demographic Analyses; Demographic Impact; Demographic and Health Surveys; Education; Education Gap; Ethiopia; Excision; Fees; Fertility; Fertility Preferences; First Births; Gender; Gender Role; Husband; Investments; Least-Squares Analysis; Malawi; Marriage; Measures; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Population; Primary Schools; Proxy; Reproductive Behavior; Research; Schools; Secondary Schools; Shapes; Spouses; Surveys; Time; Uganda; Variant; Wife; Woman; Work; behavior change; boys; empowerment; girls; insight; intimate partner violence; male; men; reproductive; reproductive outcome; theories

Project Summary Since the early 1990s, large investments in schooling expansion in sub-Saharan Africa have been driven by the removal of primary and secondary school fees. These policies increased the number of children who have ever attended school and increased the duration of schooling. Analyses of the demographic impact of these policies have focused on women’s reproductive outcomes and with few exceptions ignored the question of whether educational expansion has affected the reproductive outcomes of men or shifted spousal decision-making dynamics. This omission is problematic for several reasons. First, men have benefitted from recent policies expanding access to schooling, in many contexts benefiting more than women. Second, evidence from studies of couples suggests that fertility outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa may be more closely associated with husbands’ than wives’ fertility intentions and educational attainment. Third, the educational composition of the population shapes status differences between husbands and wives, which influences reproductive behavior within couples. This project builds on previous work conducted by the PI about the expansion of girls’ schooling in sub- Saharan Africa and the causal consequences of girls’ schooling expansion for the timing of first birth and first marriage. It explores a set of complementary analyses focused on the consequences of schooling expansion for men. This project will use secondary data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda. The first section of the project will use a two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression to leverage the free primary education policies (FPE) implemented in these countries and identify the causal effect of education on men’s fertility preferences, gender role attitudes, and tolerance of intimate partner violence (Aim 1). In the second section of the project, DHS data from the same set of countries over the period 1998-2016 will be used to examine changes over time in the association between husbands’ and wives’ educational attainment, fertility preferences, reproductive decision-making, and contraceptive use (Aim 2). Variations in the patterns of association across outcomes and countries will be used to build theory about how educational attainment affects men’s demographic outcomes.

项目摘要 自20世纪90年代初以来，撒哈拉以南非洲在扩大学校教育方面的大规模投资一直是由 取消中小学学费。这些政策增加了儿童的数量 曾经上过学，并增加了上学的时间。人口统计影响的分析 这些政策侧重于妇女的生殖结果，几乎没有例外地忽视了 教育扩张是否影响了男性的生育结果或改变了 配偶决策动态。这种遗漏是有问题的，原因有几个。首先，男人有 受益于最近扩大受教育机会的政策，在许多情况下受益的不止 女人。其次，来自夫妇研究的证据表明，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的生育结果 与妻子的生育意愿和教育程度相比，与丈夫的关系可能更密切。 第三，人口的教育结构决定了丈夫和丈夫之间的地位差异 妻子，这会影响夫妻之间的生育行为。 该项目建立在国际学校以前开展的关于扩大分部女孩入学率的工作的基础上。 撒哈拉非洲和女孩受教育程度扩大对第一胎出生时间和 第一次婚姻。它探索了一套互补的分析，重点是学校教育的后果。 男性的扩张性。该项目将使用来自人口与健康调查(DHS)的次要数据 来自埃塞俄比亚、马拉维和乌干达。项目的第一部分将使用两阶段最小二乘法 (2SLS)倒退以利用这些国家实施的免费初等教育政策(FPE) 并确定教育对男性生育偏好、性别角色态度和 容忍亲密伴侣的暴力行为(目标1)。在项目的第二部分，国土安全部的数据来自 将使用1998-2016年期间的同一组国家来审查在一段时间内 夫妻受教育程度、生育偏好、生育能力的关系 决策和避孕用具(目标2)。不同结果之间关联模式的变化 国家将被用来建立关于教育程度如何影响男性人口统计的理论 结果。