Engaging new cognitive and motor signals to improve communication prostheses

项目摘要 虽然当前的增强和替代通信（AAC）设备呈现出各种接入方式， 消息生成的方法，以使具有复杂通信需求的人受益，仍然存在一种 一组患有严重言语和运动障碍（SSMI）的识字成人，他们无法识别功能性 打字是计算机通信的重要工具。在NIDCD之前， 支持研究，我们的研究小组开发了一个高性能的大脑皮层内计算机 iBCI接口（iBCI）直接从大脑活动中解码运动意图。这项技术使得 人们仅仅通过想象物体的运动就可以控制计算机屏幕上的光标进行交流。 拟议的R 01临床研究将扩展这一先前的工作，以改善 iBCI系统的性能，作为多站点BrainGate联盟的一部分，并利用新的完全- 植入式无线系统是在NIH BRAIN Initiative资助的独立项目下开发的。的 该项目的目标是利用人类运动中新的运动和认知信号的发现 皮质实现和评估iBCI分型和通用计算机用途：使用的三种新方法： (1)一种自动错误检测和撤销（EDU）系统，使用来自运动皮层的错误相关信号， (2)从运动皮层产生连续的高自由度控制信号的解码技术 与2D相比，增加3D和4D中的点击iBCI打字率，以及（3）解码 这些技术对来自运动皮层的多个不同的“点击”信号进行分类。严格的制服 将在所有三个具体目标中使用具有明确评估指标的实验程序， 三名研究参与者，在每个临床站点使用标准化的iBCI任务套件，确保 会议和与会者之间的一致性。该项目完成后， iBCI的沟通能力和我们对人类运动皮层功能的理解。

PROJECT SUMMARY While current augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices present a variety of access methods for message generation to benefit people with complex communication needs, there still exists a group of literate adults with severe speech and motor impairments (SSMI) who cannot identify a functional means for typing, which is an important tool for computer-based communication. In prior NIDCD- supported research, our research team developed a high performance intracortical brain-computer interface (iBCI) that decodes movement intentions directly from brain activity. This technology has allowed people to control a cursor on a computer screen for communication simply by imagining movements of their own arm. The proposed R01 clinical research will extend this prior work on improving the performance of iBCI systems, as part of the multi-site BrainGate consortium, and utilizing a new fully- implantable, wireless system being developed under separate NIH BRAIN Initiative funded project. The goals of the project are to leverage the discovery of new motor and cognitive signals in human motor cortex to implement and evaluate three new methods for iBCI typing and general purpose computer use: (1) an automatic Error Detect and Undo (EDU) system that uses error-related signals from motor cortex, (2) decoding techniques that create continuous high degree-of-freedom control signals from motor cortex to increase rates of point-and-click iBCI typing in 3D and 4D as compared with 2D, and (3) decoding techniques that classify multiple different “click” signals from motor cortex. A rigorous uniform experimental procedure with clear evaluation metrics will be utilized across all three Specific Aims, in all three research participants, and at each clinical site using a standardized suite of iBCI tasks, assuring consistency across sessions and participants. Upon completion, this project will advance both the capabilities of iBCIs for communication and our understanding of the function of human motor cortex.