Cannabis and Nicotine Co-Use Influences on Protracted Development of Neural Structure and Function

项目摘要/摘要 尼古丁和烟草制品(NTP)和大麻的联合使用对 尽管临床前有证据表明神经成熟期大脑的变化与神经成熟期的脑功能相互作用 大脑中的Delta-9-四氢大麻酚(THC)和尼古丁可能增强对 出现有问题的物质使用模式和成瘾严重症状。随着大麻成为 更容易被社会接受和获得，尼古丁输送方法变得更先进和更广泛 在初露头角的成年人中，这两种物质在青年时期联合使用的神经生物学效应 必须更好地理解。 拟议的前瞻性研究的主要目标是招募一个新兴成年人的样本(N=200)。 18-19岁，参加为期三年的三次面对面评估，并进行后续行为评估 入学四年后的面试。注册时，参与者将同时或同时报告 大麻和NTP共同使用，仅使用大麻，仅使用NTP，以及最少或根本不使用任何一种物质来 比较大麻和尼古丁使用轨迹的影响：(1)结构、血管和功能大脑 正直、(2)神经认知、(3)压力、情绪困扰和物质使用，以及(4)循环 血清内源性大麻素浓度。这项研究将使用尖端的神经成像技术 (限制光谱成像、伪连续动脉自旋标记和高分辨率 脑磁图)，认知测试，生物测试，以及详细的精神健康评估- 人员访问，以更准确地了解大麻和NTP使用的独特和综合影响 对18-25岁的神经健康、行为和内源性大麻素系统的影响。 年轻人是我们最脆弱的人群之一(例如，药物使用率高峰期、高 易上瘾，易受同伴使用态度和看法的影响)。因此，他们是 大麻和烟草行业特别针对的目标，特别是在监管环境仍在继续的情况下 对大麻产品变得越来越宽容。然而，这方面的研究明显匮乏。 研究这两种常用物质的联合使用对神经健康和神经认知功能的影响 新兴的成年人。拟议的研究将使我们更好地理解 这些物质对延长的大脑发育和物质使用障碍的风险的影响，这将 引导神经科学知情的预防和干预计划、公共卫生信息和公共政策。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The distinctive effects of combined nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) and cannabis use on neuromaturational brain changes is unknown despite preclinical evidence of a functional interaction between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nicotine in the brain that may enhance susceptibility to the development of problematic substance use patterns and addiction severity symptoms. As cannabis becomes more socially accepted and accessible and nicotine delivery methods become more advanced and widespread among emerging adults, the neurobiological effects of co-use of these two substances during young adulthood must be better understood. The primary objective of the proposed prospective research is to recruit a sample of emerging adults (N=200) ages 18-19 at enrollment for three in-person assessments over three years, and a follow-up behavioral interview four years post-enrollment. At enrollment, participants will report either concurrent and simultaneous cannabis and NTP co-use, cannabis use only, NTP use only, and minimal to no use of either substance to compare how cannabis and nicotine use trajectories influence: (1) structural, vascular, and functional brain integrity, (2) neurocognition, (3) stress, emotional distress, and substance use, and (4) circulating endocannabinoid concentrations in blood serum. The study will use cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques (restriction spectrum imaging, pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling, and high-resolution magnetoencephalography), cognitive testing, bioassays, and detailed mental health assessments at all in- person visits for a more precise understanding of the unique and combined effects of cannabis and NTP use on neural health, behavior, and the endocannabinoid system from ages 18-25 years-old. Young adults are one of our most vulnerable populations (e.g., high peak substance use rates, high vulnerability for addiction, high susceptibility to peer use attitudes and perceptions). As a result, they are specifically targeted by the cannabis and tobacco industry, particularly as the regulatory environment continues to become increasingly permissive for cannabis products. Yet, there is a remarkable paucity of research examining co-use of these two commonly used substances on neural health and neurocognitive functioning in emerging adults. The proposed research will lead to a greater understanding of the unique and combined effects of these substances on protracted brain development and risk for substance use disorders, which will guide neuroscience-informed prevention and intervention programs, public health messages, and public policy.