Early Life Conditions, Work, Psychological Wellbeing, Cognition and Dementia Risk

预期寿命的增加导致老年人口规模迅速增加，预计将导致痴呆症病例急剧增加，从今天的约4700万人增加到2050年的1.4亿人。在这个项目中，我们建议通过利用来自33个国家的HRS系列调查的新协调数据，来促进我们对晚年认知衰退和阿尔茨海默病以及阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的保护和风险因素的理解。我们提出了一个新的生命过程模型的风险因素，建立在最近提出的模型由柳叶刀委员会，阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关的痴呆症的风险链接到早期和中期的生活因素，在历史，制度和物理环境的背景下。 这项建议旨在探讨心理健康和阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆症的风险如何在以后的生活中演变，以及这些如何受到重大生活变化的影响，例如退休和家庭环境的变化（例如配偶的死亡或重大健康事件）。在这样做时，我们特别强调早期生活条件的作用，既作为观察到的认知和心理健康的决定因素，也作为解释以后生活中重大生活变化的影响的调节因素。 我们将分析来自31个国家的丰富和可比较的数据，利用西方世界一些主要的老龄化研究，（健康与退休研究，HRS;英国老龄化纵向研究，艾尔莎;欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）最近包括（或即将包括）生活史模块，引出有关儿童健康，家庭环境，教育和住宅流动性的信息。除了这些自我报告，我们将利用上下文和机构的信息，无论是在目前和受访者的童年（如商业周期或婴儿死亡率的状态）的时间。背景信息将有助于确定受访者童年和成年生活中的环境和事件对晚年认知功能和阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆症风险以及心理健康的因果影响。

Rising life expectancy is contributing to rapid increases in the size of the older population and is expected to lead to a sharp rise in dementia cases, from about 47 million people worldwide today, to potentially more than 140 million in 2050. In this project, we propose to advance our understanding of protective and risk factors for late-life cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias by taking advantage of new harmonized data from the HRS family of surveys across 33 countries. We propose a novel life-course model of risk factors, building on the recently proposed model by the Lancet commission, which links the risk of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia to early and mid-life factors, within the context of historical, institutional, and physical environments. This proposal seeks to explore how psychological well-being and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias evolve later in life and how these are affected by major life changes, such as retirement, and changes in family circumstances (for instance death or major health events of a spouse). In doing so, we place special emphasis on the role of early life conditions, both as determinants of observed cognition and psychological wellbeing and as moderating factors in the explanation of the effects of major life changes later in life. We will be analyzing rich and comparable data from 31 countries, by taking advantage of the fact that a number of the main aging studies in the Western world (Health and Retirement Study, HRS; English Longitudinal Study of Aging, ELSA; Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, SHARE) have recently included (or are about to include) life history modules eliciting information about childhood health, family circumstances, education, and residential mobility. In addition to these self-reports we will make use of contextual and institutional information, both at present and at the time of a respondent’s childhood (such as the state of the business cycle or infant mortality). The contextual information will help in identifying causal effects of circumstances and events during a respondent’s childhood and adult life on later life cognitive function and risk of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias, and psychological well-being.