A novel monitoring and forecasting system for the integrated management of bean seed beetle Bruchus rufimanus

一种新型豆种甲虫综合管理监测预报系统

• 批准号: 100871
• 金额: $ 31.74万
• 依托单位: PROCESSORS & GROWERS RESEARCH ORGANISATION
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Collaborative R&D
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=100871
• 关键词: novel; monitoring; forecasting; system; integrated

To enable improved control of the bean seed beetle, the project will develop a novel integrated pest management (IPM) strategy based on a monitoring system and defined treatment thresholds to rationalise pesticide use, and will represent a more sustainable longer-term approach to allow continuity of supply of high quality field beans for the UK export market and improved quality of broad beans for processing and the fresh market. The project will address three main objectives:1. To optimise a prototype monitoring trap - accomplished by detailed studies of bruchid response to host plant and insect produced volatile odours, thereby producing a lure based on the most attractive blend of components. The optimum position for traps will be established and the trap catch will be calibrated in relation to bruchid infestation patterns, crop phenology and crop damage. 2. To develop a Decision Support System specifically for bean producers and based on meteorological data, trap catch data, crop growth stage and thresholds. The sytem will indentify the risk to the crop of damage from the pest and advise on the need for and the optimum timing for treatment. It will be developed as a web-based system.3. Support and deliver the System to UK bean growers via the unique PGRO knowledge transfer portal. The Project aligns well with the TSB New Approaches to Crop Protection competition since it seeks to enhance crop quality and productivity by targeting a particularly damaging pest (the bean seed or bruchid beetle), which is difficult to detect/control and has a highly detrimental effect on UK bean production and quality, for both national and export markets. This will allow UK growers to rationalise insecticide use by eliminating unnecessary applications and enabling more efficient, precisely timed and better targeted spray application, thereby reducing costs and prolonging the useful life of the insecticide products available. This approach also supports existing and new EU policy, regulations and requirements. In addition, by rationalising insecticide sprays and eliminating prophylactic treatment the effects on the natural enemies of the pest will be greatly reduced and the overall environmental impact of crop protection will be minimised and thus more sustainable for this part of the Agricultural Industry.The IPM decision support package will be co-ordinated and made available to UK bean growers by PGRO, which is sponsored by UK pea and bean growers, merchants and processors. It provides a research and development programme, together with an advisory and technical service, to support the production of UK pulses and to deliver knowledge and information through the PGRO knowledge transfer portals. Since 2004 direct damage by bruchids, despite intensive insecticide application, resulted in a dramatic loss of income for the industry. Bruchid infestation is the main limiting factor to growth in export and home markets for beans for human consumption since damage tolerance levels are so low. UK field beans failing to meet export quality standards because of bruchid damage can be used for animal feed, which has a considerably lower value. Crops with heavy damage are unsuitable even for animal feed. The export quality criteria for beans include a maximum acceptable level of damaged beans of 2% and no live Bruchids within the seed. In some years, the maximum damage level in some crops of beans has been as high as 40%. Blemishes to broad beans caused by bruchid larvae can result in total crop rejection by processors/retailers, with no other outlet. Thus failure to control bruchid has resulted in many UK growers abandoning bean production altogether. Currently the pest can be found in southern and eastern counties of England, but as beans expand in England and in the borders of Scotland, the risk of further dispersal of the pest is increased and in particular, if weather patterns change over time, then summer temperatures may be more favourable for bruchid survival in the more northerly and western parts of UK.In the UK, field bean or faba bean (Vicia faba) is an important and economically valuable legume break crop since it provides a source of home-grown protein for livestock, a lucrative quality export market for human consumption, and environmental benefits through the requirement of no artificial nitrogen fertiliser but a return of fixed nitrogen to the soil and a source of food for pollinating insects. In order to maintain a continuing crop with export potential, growers need confidence in agronomic practices to be able to produce beans of consistently high quality. The additional potential of an increase in the area grown will add further to the diversity of cropping and the environmental benefits of a legume crop. The provision of a reliable local Decision Support System for UK growers will restore grower confidence by ensuring:a) bruchid damage levels are more predictable, and b) insecticide applications are effective, accurately timed to give optimum control levels and that no unnecessary applications are made. An increased UK production of high quality, unblemished beans for human consumption, with an export potential of £9.8m p.a. in all markets, will allow growers to compete more effectively with growers in other countries. The proposed Decision Support System is unlike any currently used in UK or Europe since it combines a web-based forecasting system and a monitoring trap to allow growers to monitor on farm but to access a nationally available forecasting system to enable local decisions on crop management to be made. Although the pest is also present in France, the local warning system available to French growers is based entirely on local weather forecasting and any treatment is recommended in the absence of knowledge of pest activity in individual crops. The proposed system will not only improve timing of sprays but will eliminate the need for prophylactic treatments where the pest may not be present, thereby improving the economics of pest control for UK growers. The main challenge for the provision of the Decision Support system will be the development of an effective monitoring trap. A prototype trap already exists and will be developed and improved to provide growers with an alert to the pests arrival in the crop. However, alternative monitoring methods such as field counts will be compared throughout the project during the calibration and determination of damage thresholds. Trap catch will be calibrated with the number of pests in the crop at particular crop growth stages and with the damage resulting from that level of pest and the information fed back into the DSS. The design and operation of the DSS will be based on an existing forecasting system used successfuly for potato blight. The working DSS will provide the grower with advice about the need for and timing of insecticide application by relating local meteorological conditions, including maximum day time temperature, which is important for bruchid activity, to the growers trap catch and crop growth stage.

为了改善对菜豆种子甲虫的控制，该项目将开发一种基于监测系统和明确的处理阈值的新型综合害虫管理（IPM）策略，以合理化农药的使用，并将代表一种更可持续的长期方法，以便为英国出口市场持续供应高质量的蚕豆，并提高用于加工和新鲜市场的蚕豆的质量。该项目将实现三个主要目标：1。优化监测陷阱原型 - 通过详细研究豆象对寄主植物和昆虫产生的挥发性气味的反应，从而生产出基于最具吸引力的成分混合物的诱饵。将确定诱捕器的最佳位置，并根据豆象侵染模式、作物物候和作物损害来校准诱捕器捕获量。 2. 开发专门针对豆类生产者的决策支持系统，该系统基于气象数据、陷阱捕获数据、作物生长阶段和阈值。该系统将识别害虫对作物造成损害的风险，并就治疗的必要性和最佳时机提出建议。它将被开发为一个基于网络的系统。3．通过独特的 PGRO 知识转移门户，支持并向英国豆类种植者提供该系统。该项目与 TSB 作物保护新方法竞赛非常契合，因为它旨在通过针对一种特别具有破坏性的害虫（菜豆种子或豆象甲虫）来提高作物质量和生产力，这种害虫很难检测/控制，并对英国国内和出口市场的豆类生产和质量产生非常不利的影响。这将使英国种植者能够通过消除不必要的施用并实现更高效、更精确的定时和更有针对性的喷雾施用来合理化杀虫剂的使用，从而降低成本并延长现有杀虫剂产品的使用寿命。这种方法还支持现有和新的欧盟政策、法规和要求。此外，通过合理化杀虫剂喷雾和消除预防性治疗，对害虫天敌的影响将大大减少，作物保护对整体环境的影响将最小化，从而使这部分农业产业更具可持续性。IPM决策支持包将由PGRO协调并向英国豆类种植者提供，PGRO由英国豌豆和豆类种植者、商人和加工商赞助。它提供研究和开发计划以及咨询和技术服务，以支持英国豆类的生产并通过 PGRO 知识转移门户提供知识和信息。自 2004 年以来，尽管大量使用了杀虫剂，但仍受到豆象的直接损害，导致该行业收入大幅损失。由于损害耐受水平如此之低，布鲁赫虫害是人类消费豆类出口和国内市场增长的主要限制因素。英国的蚕豆由于豆象损害而未能达到出口质量标准，可用于动物饲料，但其价值要低得多。严重受损的农作物甚至不适合用作动物饲料。豆类的出口质量标准包括受损豆类的最高可接受水平为 2%，并且种子中不得有活豆象。某些年份，某些豆类作物受害程度最高高达40%。蚕豆幼虫造成的蚕豆瑕疵可能会导致加工商/零售商完全拒绝农作物，没有其他出口。因此，未能控制豆象导致许多英国种植者完全放弃豆类生产。目前，这种害虫可以在英格兰南部和东部各县发现，但随着豆类在英格兰和苏格兰边境的扩张，害虫进一步扩散的风险增加，特别是，如果天气模式随着时间的推移而变化，那么夏季温度可能更有利于英国北部和西部地区的豆科植物生存。在英国，蚕豆或蚕豆（Vicia faba）是一种重要且具有经济价值的豆类作物。 作物，因为它为牲畜提供了本土蛋白质的来源，为人类消费提供了利润丰厚的优质出口市场，并通过不需要人工氮肥但将固定氮返回土壤并为授粉昆虫提供了食物来源而带来了环境效益。为了保持作物的持续出口潜力，种植者需要对农艺实践有信心，才能生产出始终如一的高品质豆类。种植面积增加的额外潜力将进一步增加种植的多样性和豆类作物的环境效益。为英国种植者提供可靠的本地决策支持系统将通过确保以下内容恢复种植者的信心：a) 豆象危害水平更可预测，b) 杀虫剂的施用有效、准确，以达到最佳控制水平，并且不进行不必要的施用。英国增加了供人类消费的高质量、无瑕疵的豆类产量，每年出口潜力为 980 万英镑。在所有市场上，将使种植者能够更有效地与其他国家的种植者竞争。拟议的决策支持系统与英国或欧洲目前使用的任何系统不同，因为它结合了基于网络的预报系统和监测陷阱，允许种植者在农场进行监测，但可以访问全国可用的预报系统，以便做出有关作物管理的当地决策。尽管这种害虫也存在于法国，但法国种植者可用的当地预警系统完全基于当地天气预报，并且在缺乏对个别作物害虫活动的了解的情况下建议采取任何治疗措施。所提出的系统不仅将改善喷雾时间，而且将消除在害虫可能不存在的情况下进行预防性处理的需要，从而提高英国种植者害虫控制的经济性。提供决策支持系统的主要挑战将是开发有效的监控陷阱。原型诱捕器已经存在，并将被开发和改进，以便为种植者提供害虫到达作物的警报。然而，在整个项目中，在校准和确定损坏阈值期间，将比较其他监测方法，例如现场计数。陷阱捕获量将根据特定作物生长阶段作物中害虫的数量以及该害虫水平造成的损害以及反馈到 DSS 的信息进行校准。 DSS 的设计和运行将基于成功用于马铃薯枯萎病的现有预报系统。工作中的 DSS 将通过联系当地气象条件（包括对豆象活动非常重要的最高白天温度）、种植者捕获捕获物和作物生长阶段，为种植者提供有关杀虫剂施用的必要性和时机的建议。