Risk and resilience mechanisms underlying race disparities in ADRD: An examination of neighborhood resources, social networks, brain integrity, and cognition

项目总结/摘要 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）的种族差异是明显的， 无孔不入然而，机制和主持人的研究不足。这些差异可能，在 部分原因是由于可用的社区资源（如公园和高级）的种族差异， 中心.这些资源的存在可能有助于老年人的大脑和认知健康。 成年此外，生活在资源不足的社区的影响可以通过以下方式缓冲： 个人的社交网络。本研究的总体目标是阐明风险和弹性机制 ADRD中潜在的种族差异：1）确定社区中的种族差异是否 资源有助于认知功能的种族差异; 2）检查的调节作用 邻里资源与认知关联中的社交网络; 3）表征 大脑完整性在邻里资源和认知之间的关联中的作用。的 研究计划将利用密歇根认知老化项目的主要数据收集工作， 这是一项针对密歇根州东南部老年人的区域代表性队列研究。 这K 01指导研究科学家发展奖的申请也将促进 培训和专业发展具有直接临床护理专业知识的初级科学家 加速申请人走向ADRD研究独立的轨迹。申请人将被 由密歇根大学研究所的主要导师组成的强大导师团队提供支持 社会研究和心理学系。指导和咨询团队将共同 提供认知老化、神经影像学、ADRD种族差异和社交网络方面的专业知识。的 培训计划将有助于：a）扩大申请人对建筑环境的实质性知识， 社交网络和认知老化的神经解剖学基础; B）提高申请人的 统计方法技能，特别是与地理空间分析、因果推断 潜在变量建模，汇集数据集，并操作认知储备/弹性; c） 发展申请人在招聘和留住年长种族和少数民族方面的专业知识 纵向研究的参与者;以及d）提高申请人的拨款写作技巧。 拟议的研究直接涉及国家投资评估战略方向的目标D和F， 研究老龄化，这需要更多的研究1）背景影响机制的基础 认知和大脑老化; 2）了解老年人的健康差异。我们的研究结果 有可能将ADRD的个体差异置于背景中，为干预措施提供信息， 缓解ADRD中持续存在的种族不平等。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are apparent and pervasive. However, the mechanisms and moderators are understudied. These disparities may, in part, be due to racial differences in available neighborhood resources such as parks and senior centers. The presence of these resources may contribute to brain and cognitive health in older adulthood. Furthermore, the impact of living in an under-resourced neighborhood may be buffered by individuals' social networks. This study's overall goal is to clarify risk and resilience mechanisms underlying race disparities in ADRD by: 1) Determining whether racial differences in neighborhood resources contribute to racial disparities in cognitive function; 2) Examining the moderating role of social networks in the association between neighborhood resources and cognition; 3) Characterizing the role of brain integrity in associations between neighborhood resources and cognition. The research plan will leverage primary data collection efforts of the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, which is a regionally-representative cohort study of older adults in Southeastern Michigan. This K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award application will also facilitate the training and professional development of a junior scientist with existing expertise in direct clinical care to accelerate the applicant's trajectory towards ADRD research independence. The applicant will be supported by a strong mentorship team with primary mentors at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology. Together, the mentorship and advisory team will provide expertise in cognitive aging, neuroimaging, ADRD race disparities, and social networks. The training plan will help: a) expand the applicant's substantive knowledge of the built environment, social networks, and the neuroanatomy underlying cognitive aging; b) improve the applicant's statistical methodological skills, particularly those pertaining to geospatial analysis, causal inference, latent variable modeling, pooling datasets, and operationalizing cognitive reserve/resilience; c) develop the applicant's expertise in the recruitment and retention of older racial and ethnic minority participants in longitudinal research; and d) enhance the applicant's grant writing skills. The proposed research directly addresses Goals D and F of the NIA Strategic Directions for Research on Aging, which calls for more research on 1) contexts influencing mechanisms underlying cognitive and brain aging and 2) understanding health disparities among older adults. Our findings will have the potential to contextualize individual differences in ADRDs to inform interventions to mitigate persistent racial inequalities in ADRDs.