Risk and resilience mechanisms underlying race disparities in ADRD: An examination of neighborhood resources, social networks, brain integrity, and cognition

项目摘要/摘要 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症(ADRD)的种族差异明显， 无处不在。然而，对机制和主持人的研究还不够深入。这些差距可能会在 部分原因是由于可用社区资源的种族差异，如公园和老年人 中锋。这些资源的存在可能有助于老年人的大脑和认知健康 成人期。此外，居住在资源不足的社区的影响可以通过以下方式得到缓冲 个人的社交网络。这项研究的总体目标是阐明风险和弹性机制 ADRD潜在的种族差异：1)确定邻近地区的种族差异 资源促进了种族认知功能的差异；2)研究了 社区资源与认知关联中的社会网络；3)表征 大脑完整性在邻里资源和认知之间的联系中的作用。这个 研究计划将利用密歇根认知老龄化项目的主要数据收集工作， 这是一项对密歇根州东南部老年人进行的具有地区代表性的队列研究。 K01导师研究科学家发展奖的申请也将促进 对具有直接临床护理专业知识的初级科学家进行培训和专业发展 以加速申请者走向ADRD研究独立的轨道。申请者将是 由密歇根大学研究所的主要导师组成的强大导师团队提供支持 社会研究和心理学系。导师和顾问团队将共同努力 提供认知老化、神经成像、ADRD种族差异和社会网络方面的专业知识。这个 培训计划将有助于：a)扩大申请者对建筑环境的实质性知识； 社会网络和认知老化背后的神经解剖学；b)改善申请者的 统计方法技能，特别是与地理空间分析、因果推理、 潜变量建模、汇集数据集和使认知储备/复原力具有可操作性；c) 发展申请人在招募和留住老年少数族裔方面的专门知识 参与纵向研究；以及d)提高申请者撰写补助金的技能。 拟议的研究直接涉及NIA战略方向的目标D和F 对老龄化的研究，呼吁对1)影响其潜在机制的背景进行更多研究 认知和大脑老化；2)了解老年人之间的健康差异。我们的发现 将有可能将ADD的个体差异联系起来，为干预措施提供信息 缓解ADRDS中持续存在的种族不平等。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are apparent and pervasive. However, the mechanisms and moderators are understudied. These disparities may, in part, be due to racial differences in available neighborhood resources such as parks and senior centers. The presence of these resources may contribute to brain and cognitive health in older adulthood. Furthermore, the impact of living in an under-resourced neighborhood may be buffered by individuals' social networks. This study's overall goal is to clarify risk and resilience mechanisms underlying race disparities in ADRD by: 1) Determining whether racial differences in neighborhood resources contribute to racial disparities in cognitive function; 2) Examining the moderating role of social networks in the association between neighborhood resources and cognition; 3) Characterizing the role of brain integrity in associations between neighborhood resources and cognition. The research plan will leverage primary data collection efforts of the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, which is a regionally-representative cohort study of older adults in Southeastern Michigan. This K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award application will also facilitate the training and professional development of a junior scientist with existing expertise in direct clinical care to accelerate the applicant's trajectory towards ADRD research independence. The applicant will be supported by a strong mentorship team with primary mentors at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology. Together, the mentorship and advisory team will provide expertise in cognitive aging, neuroimaging, ADRD race disparities, and social networks. The training plan will help: a) expand the applicant's substantive knowledge of the built environment, social networks, and the neuroanatomy underlying cognitive aging; b) improve the applicant's statistical methodological skills, particularly those pertaining to geospatial analysis, causal inference, latent variable modeling, pooling datasets, and operationalizing cognitive reserve/resilience; c) develop the applicant's expertise in the recruitment and retention of older racial and ethnic minority participants in longitudinal research; and d) enhance the applicant's grant writing skills. The proposed research directly addresses Goals D and F of the NIA Strategic Directions for Research on Aging, which calls for more research on 1) contexts influencing mechanisms underlying cognitive and brain aging and 2) understanding health disparities among older adults. Our findings will have the potential to contextualize individual differences in ADRDs to inform interventions to mitigate persistent racial inequalities in ADRDs.