Drivers and consequences of introgression in evolution

背景：导入的重要性，即等位基因在不同物种之间迁移的进化过程 通过杂交的物种，已经争论了几十年。基因组测序显示渐渗普遍存在于 真核生物。鉴于它的流行，我们必须确定调节它的环境和基因组因素 发生了。 广泛的、长期的目标：了解物种如何在自然界中形成和持续存在是 进化遗传学。由于物种形成涉及减少谱系之间的相互渗透，所以这个问题 有必要了解调控基因交换的因素，当物种具有 混血的机会。我们对果蝇杂交区的研究计划有可能揭示 物种的形成以及在进化中引入的重要性是什么。 问题和方法：作为一个领域，我们意识到内向在本质上是常见的。时机已经成熟，可以 了解决定等位基因是否可以跨越物种边界从而服务于 作为适应的原材料。我们提议的研究分为三个不同的类别。首先，我们将 研究在多个物种中导入的等位基因在空间和时间上的动态。我们已经定位了 以及来自混合区的有时间戳的收藏，这将提供此类收藏的第一个证据，以确定如何 在很短的一段时间内(10年内)，入渗会有所不同。第二，我们将评估试验性的 杂交种群可以决定自然产生的杂交种群的组成。最后，我们将使用 遗传嵌合体来研究导入等位基因的表型结果。我的团队在方法上有专长 用于分析基因组数据、进化过程的遗传分析和实验进化的开发 这使得我们非常适合研究哪些因素决定了哪些等位基因可以跨越物种边界。 与人类健康相关：了解基因变异的来源是了解新的 表型出现了。来自家长赠款的研究表明，内向是 包括人类病原体在内的许多生物体的变异。这一更新提出了比较方法，以 在多个分类群中识别导入的基因座，其中一些分类群含有病原体或为媒介物种。 了解环境和人类因素如何影响致病或致病基因的交换 在不断变化的气候中，媒介行为与人类健康相关。 影响：这项提议的结果将产生广泛有用的方法和数据集，如 除了帮助理解在多个进化尺度上的渗入过程。重要的是， 拟议中的研究将这一领域从对特定物种导入的零碎评估转移到 配对到一种综合的方法，试图理解过程如何与环境和 真核生物之间是否存在共性。

Background: The importance of introgression, the evolutionary process by which alleles migrate between species via hybrids, was debated for decades. Genome sequencing revealed introgression to be pervasive in eukaryotes. Given its prevalence, we must determine the environmental and genomic factors that regulate its occurrence. Broad, long-term objective: Understanding how species form and persist in nature is a premier goal of evolutionary genetics. Since speciation involves the reduction of introgression between lineages, this question necessitates an understanding of the factors that regulate gene exchange that occurs when species have the chance to interbreed. Our research program on Drosophila hybrid zones has the potential of revealing how species form and what is the importance of introgression in evolution. Questions and approach: As a field, we are aware that introgression is common in nature. The time is ripe to understand what are the factors that determine whether an allele can cross species boundaries and thus serve as raw material for adaptation. The research we are proposing falls into three different categories. First, we will investigate the dynamics of introgressed alleles along space and time in multiple species. We have geolocated and timestamped collections from a hybrid zone which will offer the first evidence of its kind to determine how introgression varies over short periods of time (within 10 years). Second, we will assess whether experimental hybrid populations can inform the composition of naturally occurring hybrid populations. Finally, we will use genetic chimeras to study the phenotypic outcomes of introgressed alleles. My group has expertise in method development to analyze genomic data, genetic analysis of evolutionary processes, and experimental evolution which makes us well-suited to study what factors determine which alleles can cross species boundaries. Relevance to human health: Understanding the source of genetic variation is key to understand how new phenotypes arise. Work from the parent grant demonstrated that introgression is an important source of variation in many organisms, including human pathogens. This renewal proposes comparative approaches to identify introgressed loci in multiple taxa, some of which harbor pathogens or are vector species. Understanding how environmental and human factors influence the exchange of genes for pathogenicity or vector behavior has relevance to human health in a changing climate. Impact: The results from this proposal will generate methods and datasets that will be broadly useful, in addition to helping understand the process of introgression at multiple evolutionary scales. Importantly, the proposed research moves the field from piecemeal assessments of introgression across particular species pairs to a synthetic approach that tries to understand how the process interacts with the environment and whether there are commonalities to across eukaryotes.